Publication: X.-XII. yüzyıllarda Bağdat ve Kahire’de dinî merasimler
Abstract
Toplumsal aidiyetin göstergesi ve sosyal hayatın en mühim tezahürlerinden merasimlere insanlar her dönemde çok önem vermişlerdir. Elbette Müslümanların yaşantısında da kutlamaların mühim bir yeri olmuştur. Müslümanlar kendi dinlerine ait özel gün ve geceleri kutladıkları gibi fetihlerden sonra yerleştikleri bölgelerdeki kutlamalardan da etkilenmişlerdir. X.-XII. yüzyıllar İslam âleminde dinî merasimlerin henüz yeni kutlandığı ve belli bir prosedüre kavuştuğu; aynı zamanda Sünnî-Şiî ihtilafının epey etkili olduğu bir dönemdir. Bağdat Sünnî Abbâsîlerin, Kahire ise Şiî Fâtımîlerin başkenti olarak kurulmuştur. Abbâsîler ve Fâtımîler daima rekabet halinde bulunmuş ve bu rekabette kendilerini galip getirecek her vesileyi fırsat bilmişlerdir. Merasimler de bu vesilelerden olmuş; seremoniler adeta gövde gösterisi haline gelmiştir. Söz konusu dönemde Bağdat ve Kahire merasimlerin titiz bir şekilde uygulandığı iki şehirdir. Bu şehirlerdeki merasimler özelinde dinî merasimlerin neler olduğunu, kaynağını, Sünnî-Şiî rekabetinin merasimler üzerindeki etkisini tespit ederek, dinî kutlamaların kaynağına inmek çalışmamızın temel düşüncesidir.
People have always attached great importance to holy days and religious observances, which are indicators of social belonging and one of the most important manifestations of social life. Of course, observing these days faithfully take an crucial place in the lives of Muslims. As Muslims celebrated the special days and nights of their own religion, they were also influenced by the events and celebrations in the regions they settled after conquests. The special days in the Islamic world in X. - XII. centuries were rather a recent observation and this had a certain procedure. It was also a period when the Sunni-Shiite conflict was quite effective. At that time, Baghdad was established as the capital of the Sunni Abbasids and Cairo as the capital of the Shiite Fatimids. The Abbasids and the Fatimids have always been in competition and used every opportunity to secure in this competition. Ceremonies were also one of these occasions; they have almost become a show of strength. At the material time, Baghdad and Cairo were two cities where ceremonies were meticulously practiced. The main idea of our study is to trace back the source of religious celebrations by determining what religious ceremonies are and establishing the cause and effect of Sunni-Shiite rivalry on ceremonies in these cities.
People have always attached great importance to holy days and religious observances, which are indicators of social belonging and one of the most important manifestations of social life. Of course, observing these days faithfully take an crucial place in the lives of Muslims. As Muslims celebrated the special days and nights of their own religion, they were also influenced by the events and celebrations in the regions they settled after conquests. The special days in the Islamic world in X. - XII. centuries were rather a recent observation and this had a certain procedure. It was also a period when the Sunni-Shiite conflict was quite effective. At that time, Baghdad was established as the capital of the Sunni Abbasids and Cairo as the capital of the Shiite Fatimids. The Abbasids and the Fatimids have always been in competition and used every opportunity to secure in this competition. Ceremonies were also one of these occasions; they have almost become a show of strength. At the material time, Baghdad and Cairo were two cities where ceremonies were meticulously practiced. The main idea of our study is to trace back the source of religious celebrations by determining what religious ceremonies are and establishing the cause and effect of Sunni-Shiite rivalry on ceremonies in these cities.