Publication: Türkiye’de bir eğitim modeli olarak ‘’Bauhaus’’
Abstract
Aydınlanma ve Endüstri devrimi 19. yüzyılda doğan pek çok hareketin çıkış noktası olmuştu.19 yüzyılın başlarında sanat yapıtının özerkliğini ortaya koyan “sanat için sanat” yaklaşımı sanat ile işlevsel olanı birleştiren yeni görüşlerle karşı karşıya gelecekti. Sanatın Müzelerden, Galerilerden ve Akademilerden çıkarılarak evlerimizin içine hatta salonlarımıza sokulması fikri, sanat ile zanaatı birleştirerek sanatsal beğeni ile şekillenmiş günlük kullanım nesnelerini hayatlarımıza sokmuştu. Bauhaus okulu 1919 yılında kurulmuş ,kısa bir süre sonra ise devrimci sanat anlayışının dönemin siyasi yapısına ters düştüğü gerekçesi ile kapatılmıştır.Kısa tarihine rağmen sanat eğitiminden mimariye kazandırmış olduğu yeni fikirler bugün etkinliğini hala sürdürmektedir.Kapatılmasının ardından başta Amerika olmak üzere pek çok ülkede Bauhaus sistemi model alınarak yeni okullar kurulmuştur.Ülkemizde ise Bauhaus fikrinin yansıması olarak kurulan ilk kurum Köy Enstitüleri olarak gösterilebilir ancak sanat eğitimi göz önüne alındığından Devlet Tatbiki Güzel Sanatlar Yüksek Okulu konumuzun ana eksenini oluşturmaktadır. Sanatın ve sanat eğitimi veren kurumların toplumun dinamikleri ve ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda oluştuğu, tarih ile birlikte okunması gerektiği kabul edilmiştir.Bu nedenle konumuz sadece okulların eğitim anlayışları ve atölye programlarının incelenmesi değildir. Dönemlerinin toplumsal ihtiyaçlarının doğurduğu bu okullar toplumsal bir tarih akışı içerisinde incelenmiştir.Böylece okulların tarihsel hikayelerinin, kendilerinden sonra kurulacak eğitim kurumlarına daha yararlı bir örnek teşkil edeceği düşünüldü.
Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution is became the starting point of most of the movements which arise in the 19th century. In the beginning of the 19th century approach to art is for art put forth work of art's self-administration for consideration, to come up against with new ideas which combine art with fuctional thing. The idea of taking out the art from museums, galleries and academies and intromissioning it to our houses moreover our saloons, introduced to our lives the daily used objects, which acquired a shape with artistic appreciation, combine art with craft. Bauhaus school has been founded in 1919, but after a short while it has been closed ,cause the sense of art was conflicted to the structure of the period's policy. In spite of its short period, today it still perform its efficiency from architecture to art education, bringing new ideas. After it was closed; new schools based on Bauhaus system, have been established first in U.S.A and in many other countries as well. And in our country, the first establishments reflecting the Bauhaus concepts are the Village Institutes(Köy Enstitüleri) and the “State Academy Of Applied Fine Arts” (Devlet Tatbiki Güzel Sanatlar Yüksek Okulu) Anyhow, considering the art education, State Academy of Applied Fine Arts” is the real theme. It's accepted that both art and artistic education establishments are born due to society's dynamics and needs, and that they have to be studied together with history. That's why our aim is not only to understand the education concept of schools nor to examine the atelier programs. These schools are the results of all social needs of their times, and they are examined through a social time-line. Thus it has been thought that the historical stories of the schools, become a better formation for the educational establishments which is going to be founded after themselves.
Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution is became the starting point of most of the movements which arise in the 19th century. In the beginning of the 19th century approach to art is for art put forth work of art's self-administration for consideration, to come up against with new ideas which combine art with fuctional thing. The idea of taking out the art from museums, galleries and academies and intromissioning it to our houses moreover our saloons, introduced to our lives the daily used objects, which acquired a shape with artistic appreciation, combine art with craft. Bauhaus school has been founded in 1919, but after a short while it has been closed ,cause the sense of art was conflicted to the structure of the period's policy. In spite of its short period, today it still perform its efficiency from architecture to art education, bringing new ideas. After it was closed; new schools based on Bauhaus system, have been established first in U.S.A and in many other countries as well. And in our country, the first establishments reflecting the Bauhaus concepts are the Village Institutes(Köy Enstitüleri) and the “State Academy Of Applied Fine Arts” (Devlet Tatbiki Güzel Sanatlar Yüksek Okulu) Anyhow, considering the art education, State Academy of Applied Fine Arts” is the real theme. It's accepted that both art and artistic education establishments are born due to society's dynamics and needs, and that they have to be studied together with history. That's why our aim is not only to understand the education concept of schools nor to examine the atelier programs. These schools are the results of all social needs of their times, and they are examined through a social time-line. Thus it has been thought that the historical stories of the schools, become a better formation for the educational establishments which is going to be founded after themselves.