Publication: Principatus dönemi Küçükasyası’nda dionysos kültü
Abstract
ÖZET- Dionysos kültü, Helenistik Çağ’da ki önemini ve gücünü Principatus Devri’nde de sürdürmüştü. Özellikle Hellas, Roma ve Küçükasya’da kültün canlı bir şekilde var olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Dionysos kültünün yapısında gizlilik olduğu için, bilgilerimiz yazıtlarla sınırlı kalmıştır. Fakat özellikle Küçükasya’da bulunmuş olan yazıtlardan elde edebilmekteyiz. Dionysos kültü, Principatus devrinde, Küçükasya’nın her bölgesinde kült derneği üyeleri tarafından tapım görmüştü. Özellikle Ionia’da bu tapım diğer bölgelere göre daha da güçlüydü. Ephesos, Smyrna ve Magnesia gibi büyük kentlerde tanrı adına bir çok büyük festivaller yapılmaktaydı. Her bölgede ve her kentte Dionysos’a farklı epithetler verilmekteydi. Bu epithetler, genelde o bölgede eskiden beri tapım gören tanrı adlarıyla ilişkiliydi. Küçükasya’da en çok görülen epithetler şunlardır: Phleus, Kathegemon, Breiseus ve Kallikarpos. Dionysos, bazı kentlerde Roma İmparatorluk kültü ile beraber de tapım görmüştü. Hatta Hadrianus ve Commodus gibi Roma imparatorları, Küçükasya’daki kentlere ziyaretlerinde, “Yeni Dionysos” olarak karşılanmışlardı. Bu da tanrının halk için ne derece önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Bazı kentlerde ise Dionysos adına kült şenlikleri kutlanmaktaydı. Bu şenliklerde yarışmalar yapılır ve oyunlar oynanırdı. Kazananlara ise ödüller verilirdi. Kült organizasyonlarında ve derneklerde, kült görevlileri ve üyeleri mevcuttu ve onların hiyerarşik düzenleri vardı. Bazıları hayatları boyunca bu görevlerini sürdürüyorlardı. Küçükasya’da Helenistik devirden beri varlığını sürdüren Dionysos sanatçı dernekleri de vardı. Bu derneğin merkezi ise Ionia’daki Teos idi. Fakat kent bu konumunu Principatus devrinde kaybetmiştir. Dernek, Principatus devrinde ise farklı kentlerde farklı adlar altında varlığını sürdürmüştü. Bunu yazıtlarda açıkca görebilmemiz mümkündür. Sonuç olarak Principatus Devri’nde Küçükasya’da güçlü bir kült oluşumundan ve kült derneğinden sözedebiliriz. -The
The power and importance of the cult of Dionysos in Hellenistic period, continued its existance also in Principatus period. It is understood that the cult existed lively specially in Hellas, Roma and Asia Minor. Because of being secrecy in its construction, our knowledge about the cult of Dionysos is limited with what we have in inscriptions. But at the same time we can get general information from the inscriptions that were found in Asia Minor. The cult of Dionysos, in every part of Asia Minor was worshipped by the members of the cult association in Principatus period. Specially in Ionia this worship was stronger than other regions. Many big festivals were being made in big cities such as Ephesos, Smyrna and Magnesia. Different epithets were given to Dionysos in every region and every city also. These epithets wre related with the ancient gods that were worshipped in there. The most common epithets thar were seen in Asia Minor were these: Phleus, Kathegemon, Breiseus and Kallikarpos. Dionysos, in some cities was worshipped with the cult of the Roman empire. In addition to this while visiting the cities of Asia Minor, the emperors like Commodus and Hadrianus was wellcomed as “New Dionysos”. This also shows how important Dionysos for public in Asia Minor. In some big cities big festivals were celebrated in honour of Dionysos, In these festivals, competetions were being made and games including sports and theatre were being played. And rewards were being given to the winners. In organization of cults and associations, there were members who were responsible for the cult functionaries. They had also hierarchical order. Some of them wre responsible for their duty all their life. Until Hellenistic period there had been also some Dionysiac artist associations. The center of this association was Teos in Ionia. But the city had lost this importance in Principatus priod. This association had continued its existance in different cities under different names. It is possible for us to see this in inscriptions. As a result of we can say that in Principatus period the cult and the cult asociations of Dionysos in Asia Minor was very strong and alive.
The power and importance of the cult of Dionysos in Hellenistic period, continued its existance also in Principatus period. It is understood that the cult existed lively specially in Hellas, Roma and Asia Minor. Because of being secrecy in its construction, our knowledge about the cult of Dionysos is limited with what we have in inscriptions. But at the same time we can get general information from the inscriptions that were found in Asia Minor. The cult of Dionysos, in every part of Asia Minor was worshipped by the members of the cult association in Principatus period. Specially in Ionia this worship was stronger than other regions. Many big festivals were being made in big cities such as Ephesos, Smyrna and Magnesia. Different epithets were given to Dionysos in every region and every city also. These epithets wre related with the ancient gods that were worshipped in there. The most common epithets thar were seen in Asia Minor were these: Phleus, Kathegemon, Breiseus and Kallikarpos. Dionysos, in some cities was worshipped with the cult of the Roman empire. In addition to this while visiting the cities of Asia Minor, the emperors like Commodus and Hadrianus was wellcomed as “New Dionysos”. This also shows how important Dionysos for public in Asia Minor. In some big cities big festivals were celebrated in honour of Dionysos, In these festivals, competetions were being made and games including sports and theatre were being played. And rewards were being given to the winners. In organization of cults and associations, there were members who were responsible for the cult functionaries. They had also hierarchical order. Some of them wre responsible for their duty all their life. Until Hellenistic period there had been also some Dionysiac artist associations. The center of this association was Teos in Ionia. But the city had lost this importance in Principatus priod. This association had continued its existance in different cities under different names. It is possible for us to see this in inscriptions. As a result of we can say that in Principatus period the cult and the cult asociations of Dionysos in Asia Minor was very strong and alive.