Publication: Yerli̇ ve yabancı endüstri̇yel kenevi̇r li̇fleri̇ni̇n mekani̇k ve boyanabi̇li̇rli̇k özelli̇kleri̇ni̇n incelenmesi̇
Abstract
29 Ekim 2016 tarih ve 29842 sayılı Resmî Gazete de yayınlanan Endüstriyel Kenevir Ekimi ve Kontrolü Hakkında Yönetmelik hükümleri gereğince kontrollü üretimine izin verilen endüstriyel kenevirin ülkemiz için önemi birçok platformda kabul görmüştür. Geçtiğimiz 5 yılda kenevir tohumlarının tarımsal uygunluğu ve bitki özellikleri araştırılmış ve tohum tescil girişimleri başarılı bir şekilde neticelenmiştir. Bu çalışmaların tarımsal ve endüstriyel kalkınmaya ve ülke ekonomisine dahil edilebilmesi için üretilen gövde (bast) liflerinin karakteristik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve standardizasyonu önemlidir. Halihazırda yapılan kenevir tarımında sadece tohumun ticari bir karşılığı bulunmakta olup, bu durum kenevir tarımının gelişimini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Kenevir gövdelerinin sıyırılıp standart özelliklerde tekstil lifi elde edilmesi, kenevirin endüstriyel faydaya dönmesi noktasında önem arz etmektedir. Sürdürülebilir liflerin tekstil sektörü ve dolayısıyla dünyanın geleceğindeki önemi de tartışmasızdır. Bununla birlikte Türkiye gibi tekstil ülkelerinin bu tip liflerde dışa bağımlı olması tekstil sektörü için ciddi sorun oluşturmaktadır. Bu tez çalışması kapsamında 2021 yılında ıslah ve tescil işlemleri tamamlanan Türkiye’nin ilk yerli kenevir tohumları Vezir ve Narlı ile muadili yabancı tohum Santhica’dan elde edilen gövde liflerinin mekanik karakterizasyonu yapılmıştır. Santhica genel olarak lif eldesinde en çok kullanılan yabancı tohumdur. Doğal boyama yöntemi ile yerli ve yabancı kenevir liflerinin boyanabilirliği de incelenmiştir. Kullanılan doğal boya bileşenlerinin antibakteriyellik özelliklerini hangi yönde etkilediği de tez kapsamında incelenmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirmelerde yerli kenevir elyafının inceliği yabancı kenevir lifleri ile kıyaslandığında kısmen kalındır ancak literatür ile kıyaslandığında yerli kenevir inceliği limit sınırları içerisindedir. Mekanik özellikler incelendiğinde yerli elyafın elastikiyet modülü ve çekme dayanımı yabancı kenevir elyafından daha iyi çıkmıştır. Yıkamaya ve ışığa karşı renk haslığı değerlerine bakıldığında yerli ve yabancı kenevir liflerinin haslık değerleri yakındır.
The controlled production of industrial hemp which is permitted, under the regulations, has been recognized for its importance in various platforms for our country, according to the Regulation on Hemp Cultivation and Control published in the Official Gazette numbered 29842 dated October 29, 2016. The agricultural suitability and plant characteristics of hemp seeds have been researching during the last five yeras and efforts to register the seeds have been successful. Determining and standardizing the characteristic properties of the produced bast fibers is importmant for inclusion in the development agriculture, and the national economy. Only the seed has a commercial counterpart in the existing hemp farming, which has a negatively effect on the development of hemp cultivation. The process of stripping hemp stems to obtain standardized features textile fibers is crucial for the industrial use of hemp. It is also obvious that sustainable fibers are crucial to the future of the world. However, textile countries like Turkey being dependent on imports for such fibers poses a imporant problem for the textile industry. Within the scope of this thesis study, the mechanical characterization of bast fibers derved from the Türkiye’ s first domestic hemp seeds, Vezir and Narlı , completed in 2021, and foreign counterpart Santhica, were carried out Santhica is generally the most used foreign seed for fiber production. The dyeability of both domestic and foreign hemp fibers through natural dyeing methods has also been investigated. The thesis also examines how the antibacterial properties of the natural dye components used affect the fibers. In the reviews , it was found that although the diameter of domestic hemp fiber is larger compared to foreign hemp fibers, when compared with the literature, the diameter of domestic hemp is within the specified limits. When mechanical properties were examined, it was observed that the elasticity modulus and tensile strength of domestic fibers were better than foreign hemp fibers. When considering the color fastness values to washing and light, the fastness values of domestic and foreign hemp fibers are similar.
The controlled production of industrial hemp which is permitted, under the regulations, has been recognized for its importance in various platforms for our country, according to the Regulation on Hemp Cultivation and Control published in the Official Gazette numbered 29842 dated October 29, 2016. The agricultural suitability and plant characteristics of hemp seeds have been researching during the last five yeras and efforts to register the seeds have been successful. Determining and standardizing the characteristic properties of the produced bast fibers is importmant for inclusion in the development agriculture, and the national economy. Only the seed has a commercial counterpart in the existing hemp farming, which has a negatively effect on the development of hemp cultivation. The process of stripping hemp stems to obtain standardized features textile fibers is crucial for the industrial use of hemp. It is also obvious that sustainable fibers are crucial to the future of the world. However, textile countries like Turkey being dependent on imports for such fibers poses a imporant problem for the textile industry. Within the scope of this thesis study, the mechanical characterization of bast fibers derved from the Türkiye’ s first domestic hemp seeds, Vezir and Narlı , completed in 2021, and foreign counterpart Santhica, were carried out Santhica is generally the most used foreign seed for fiber production. The dyeability of both domestic and foreign hemp fibers through natural dyeing methods has also been investigated. The thesis also examines how the antibacterial properties of the natural dye components used affect the fibers. In the reviews , it was found that although the diameter of domestic hemp fiber is larger compared to foreign hemp fibers, when compared with the literature, the diameter of domestic hemp is within the specified limits. When mechanical properties were examined, it was observed that the elasticity modulus and tensile strength of domestic fibers were better than foreign hemp fibers. When considering the color fastness values to washing and light, the fastness values of domestic and foreign hemp fibers are similar.