Publication: Eşter en-Nehai
Abstract
EŞTER en-NEHÂÎ' Mâlik b. el-Hâris, Yemen asıllı olan Mezhic kabilesinin Neha' koluna mensuptur. Bi'setten önce doğmasına rağmen Hz. Peygamber'i görememiştir. Ebû Ubeyde komutasında Bizans'a karşı yapılan savaşlara katılmıştır. 15(636) yılında yapılan Yermük savaşında bir gözünü kaybettiği için Göz kapakları ters dönmüş manasına gelen Eşter lakabı ile anılmıştır. Hz. Ömer'ın yaptığı Câbiye toplantısına katılan emirlerden olan Eşter, onun hilafetinin son dönemlerinden itibaren Kûfe'de oturmaya başlamıştır. Şehrin en nüfûzlu kişileri arasında yer alan Eşter, Hz. Osman döneminde yönetim aleyhindeki faaliyetleri sebebiyle, halifenin emriyle 33(653) yılında vali Said b. Âs tarafından aynı görüşleri paylaştığı bir grupla beraber Şam'a Muaviye b. Ebî Süfyan'ın yanına sürgün edilmiştir. Kendilerinden rahatsız olan Muaviye'nin geri gönderdiği bu grup, halifenin emri üzerine Hums'a Abdurrahman b. Hâlid'in yanına gitmiştir. Eşter, Hz. Osman'ın evini muhâsara edenler arasında bulunmuştur. Hatta bazı kaynaklar onu katiller arasında göstermektedir. Eşter, Kûfeliler adına Hz. Ali'ye ilk beyat edenlerden olmuş, muhalefet edenleri de beyate zorlamıştır. Cemel savaşına katılarak Kûfeliler'in desteğini sağlamıştır. Ayrıca Sıffin savaşında Hz. Ali'nin süvari ve piyade kuvvetlerini kumanda etmiştir. Leyletülherir'de Muaviye'nin ordusunu bozguna uğratmak üzere iken, Amr b. el-Âs'ın hilesiyle savaşın durdurulmasına ve şiddetle karşı çıkmasına rağmen tahkîme gidilmesine engel olamamıştır. Hakem olmasını isteyenler olmuşsa da bu, Hz. Osman'ın öldürülmesi olayında bulunduğu gerekçesiyle reddedilmiştir. Sıffin savaşının ardından Cezire bölgesindeki vazifesine dönen Eşter kısa bir süre sonra Muhammed b. Ebî Bekir'in yerine Mısır valisi olarak atanmıştır. Bunu öğrenen Muaviye Külzum'da (Âriş) bulunan âmiline Eşter'i öldürdüğü taktirde kendisini 20 yıllık vergiden muâf tutacağını söylemiştir. Eşter Mısır'a yakın bir yerde konakladığı sırada bu âmil tarafından Recep 37(Aralık 657) veya 38(658-659) yılında bal şerbetine zehir katılarak öldürülmüştür. Hz. Ali tarafından kendisine Seyfullah ünvanı verilen Eşter, pehlivan yapılı bir kumandan, meşhur bir hatip ve iyi bir şâirdi. Hz. Ali, Ebû Zer ve Halid b. Velid'ten hadis rivâyet etmiştir. Ondan rivâyette bulunanlar arasında oğlu İbrahim, Abdurrahman b. Yezid, Alkame b. Kays ve diğer bâzı kişiler vardır.
EŞTER en-NEHÂÎ' Mâlik b. el-Hâris is from Neha arm of Mezhic tribe whose origins are from Yemen. Even though he had born before bi'set he couldn't see the Prophet. He joined the wars against Byzantium on the command of Ebû Ubeyde. In the years of 15(632) he lost one of his eyes three fore he was called with a nick name Eşter which means whose eyelids has turned back. Eşter who joined the meeting of Cabiye which was arranged by Hz. Ömer began living in Kûfe during the last periods of his caliphate. Eşter, who is one of the most influential people of the city, was exiled to Şam-near Muaviye b. Ebî Sufyan with a group who has the same ideas whit the order of the caliph and by the decision of Said b. As because of his actions which were against the management during Hz. Osman. This group, who disturbed Muaviye, was sent to Hums near Abdurrahman b. Hâlid with the order of caliph. Eşter was with the people who siege Hz. Osman's house. Moreover, some of the sources show him with the murders of Osman. Eşter was one of the people who believed Hz.Ali in Kûfe, he also forced the opposition to believe. By joining to Cemel war he provided the support of nations in Kufe. He was nearly to defeat Muaviye's army in Leyletü'l-Herir, but he couldn't prevent the end of the war with a trick of Amr b. el-As and fortification although he opposed so strongly. Despite the requests (demands) for on arbitrator, it's rejected as he was related to Hz. Osman's murder. After Sıffin war, Eşter started to his job in Cezire. Region was promoted as an Egypt governor instead of Muhammed b. Ebî Bekir. When Muaviye learnt this, he told to his agent that; If he killed Eşter he would be exempt from the taxes for 20 years. While Eşter was spending the night in a place near to Egypt, he was Murdered by a poison, which was put in his honey sherbet in the years of 37 (December 657) or 38(658-659). Eşter who was called Seyfullah by Hz. Ali was a good poet, a well-built commander and a famous orator. He rumored hadiths from Hz. Ali, Ebû Zer and Hâlid b. Velid. The people who referred about him were İbrâhim, Abdurrahman b. Yezid, Alkame b. Kays end other people.
EŞTER en-NEHÂÎ' Mâlik b. el-Hâris is from Neha arm of Mezhic tribe whose origins are from Yemen. Even though he had born before bi'set he couldn't see the Prophet. He joined the wars against Byzantium on the command of Ebû Ubeyde. In the years of 15(632) he lost one of his eyes three fore he was called with a nick name Eşter which means whose eyelids has turned back. Eşter who joined the meeting of Cabiye which was arranged by Hz. Ömer began living in Kûfe during the last periods of his caliphate. Eşter, who is one of the most influential people of the city, was exiled to Şam-near Muaviye b. Ebî Sufyan with a group who has the same ideas whit the order of the caliph and by the decision of Said b. As because of his actions which were against the management during Hz. Osman. This group, who disturbed Muaviye, was sent to Hums near Abdurrahman b. Hâlid with the order of caliph. Eşter was with the people who siege Hz. Osman's house. Moreover, some of the sources show him with the murders of Osman. Eşter was one of the people who believed Hz.Ali in Kûfe, he also forced the opposition to believe. By joining to Cemel war he provided the support of nations in Kufe. He was nearly to defeat Muaviye's army in Leyletü'l-Herir, but he couldn't prevent the end of the war with a trick of Amr b. el-As and fortification although he opposed so strongly. Despite the requests (demands) for on arbitrator, it's rejected as he was related to Hz. Osman's murder. After Sıffin war, Eşter started to his job in Cezire. Region was promoted as an Egypt governor instead of Muhammed b. Ebî Bekir. When Muaviye learnt this, he told to his agent that; If he killed Eşter he would be exempt from the taxes for 20 years. While Eşter was spending the night in a place near to Egypt, he was Murdered by a poison, which was put in his honey sherbet in the years of 37 (December 657) or 38(658-659). Eşter who was called Seyfullah by Hz. Ali was a good poet, a well-built commander and a famous orator. He rumored hadiths from Hz. Ali, Ebû Zer and Hâlid b. Velid. The people who referred about him were İbrâhim, Abdurrahman b. Yezid, Alkame b. Kays end other people.