Publication: HUKUK SOSYOLOJİSİ AÇISINDAN KASÂME KURUMU
Abstract
İslam Hukukunda ve Osmanlı Hukukunda karşımıza çıkan kasâme kurumu, belirli koşullar altında, faili belli olmayan belirli suçlar sonucunda ortaya çıkan zararların kolektif biçimde giderilmesine yönelik bir uygulamadır. Suç ve cezaların şahsiliği ilkesine yönelik bir istisna olarak beliren bu uygulama, hukuk sosyolojisinin temel kavramları açısından bakıldığında önemli toplumsal işlevlere işaret etmektedir. Bu doğrultuda kasâme kurumu, zararların dağıtılması ilkesinin yorumlanma biçiminin, uyuşmazlık çözümü süreçlerinin ve toplumsal kontrol uygulamalarının alt yapısına dair ipuçları sunarak kurumun işlerlik kazandığı kültürlerdeki belirli toplumsallaşma pratiklerine dair veriler sunmaktadır. Bu nedenle kasâme, modern toplumun ve modern hukukun temel ilkelerine aykırı bir uygulama olsa da, işaret ettiği toplumsal ilişkilenme biçimlerinin hem tarihsel hem güncel önemi açısından hukuk sosyolojisinin ve hukuk tarihinin üzerine eğilmesi gereken bir kurum olarak belirmektedir.
The legal phenomenon of qasama, as covered by Islamic Law and Ottoman Law, is a legal process which, under some conditions, requires the damage caused by a crime with unidentified assailants to be compensated collectively. As this process appears as an exception to the principle of individual criminal responsibility, it also points out some important social functions. In this sense, the qasama provides data about the modes of socialisation among the culture and society in which this process had been practiced. This data becomes accesible by the clues gathered from this practice through analysing substructure governing the interpretation modes of the principle of distribution of damages, dispute resolution process and social control practices within the given culture. For that reason, even qasama is fundamentally against the founding principles of modern society and modern law, it arises as an important legal phenomenon by virtue of the historical and contemporary importance of the social interrelation modes it points out and finds itself under the scope of legal history and legal sociology.
The legal phenomenon of qasama, as covered by Islamic Law and Ottoman Law, is a legal process which, under some conditions, requires the damage caused by a crime with unidentified assailants to be compensated collectively. As this process appears as an exception to the principle of individual criminal responsibility, it also points out some important social functions. In this sense, the qasama provides data about the modes of socialisation among the culture and society in which this process had been practiced. This data becomes accesible by the clues gathered from this practice through analysing substructure governing the interpretation modes of the principle of distribution of damages, dispute resolution process and social control practices within the given culture. For that reason, even qasama is fundamentally against the founding principles of modern society and modern law, it arises as an important legal phenomenon by virtue of the historical and contemporary importance of the social interrelation modes it points out and finds itself under the scope of legal history and legal sociology.