Publication: Bolu havzası ve yakın çevresi’nde doğal afetler
Abstract
Bolu Havzası Batı Karadeniz Bölümü’nde yer almaktadır. Havza, yaklaşık 2000 m yükseklikteki dağlar ve bunların ortasında ortalama yükseltisi 725 olan bir ova (Bolu Ovası ) vardır. KAF Zonu Bolu Havzası’ndan geçmekte ve sözü edilen havza, aktif bir fay zonu üzerinde olduğu bilinmektedir. 1944 tarihinde 7.2 şiddetinde meydana gelen Bolu Gerede Depreminde 3.900 kişi ölmüş, 20.865 bina hasar görmüştür. 1957 yılındaki Bolu Abant Depremi 52 kişinin ölümüne 4.200 binanın yıkık ya da hasarlı olmasına neden olmuştur. 7.4 şiddetindeki 1999 Marmara deprem ise o dönemde Bolu’ya bağlı olan Düzce ile birlikte 269 kişi hayatını yitirmiş, 1.954 bina yıkılmıştır. Yine aynı yılda 12 Kasımda Kaynaşlı merkezinde olan ve 7.2 şiddetindeki deprem, bölgede 48 kişinin ölümüne 353 kişinin yaralanmasına neden olmuştur. Özellikle havzanın KD kesiminde Büyüksu vadisinin her iki yamacında ve havzasının batı ucunu teşkil eden Abant Dağları’nda da birçok alanda heyelân alanlarına rastlanmaktadır. Bolu Havzası yoğun bitki örtüsü ile örtülü olmasına rağmen günümüzde toprak erozyonu yaşanmaktadır. Bolu Havzası batı kesimi erozyonun en fazla görüldüğü alandır. İklim sınıflandırmasında Thornthwaite iklim sınıflandırmasında C grubu iklim sınıfı olan; yarı nemli iklim sınıfına girmektedir. Köppen’in iklim sınıflandırmasında; kışı ılık yazı sıcak her mevsim yağışlı iklim sınıfına, De Martonne’un iklim sınıflandırmasında; kurak ay bulunmamaktadır. Erinç’in iklim sınıflandırmasına göre ise yarı nemli park görünümlü kuru orman iklim sınıflamasına girmektedir. Bolu Havzası’nda meydana gelen sel ve su baskınlarını önlemeye yönelik akarsu yatakları ve çevresinin ıslah çalışmaları hâlen sürmektedir. Çünkü 19-21 Mayıs 1998 de meydana gelen sel hafızalardan pek silinmiş değildir.
Bolu Basin is situated in Western Black Sea region. It is surrounded by 2000-meter- high-mountains and in the middle of them there is a 725 meter-high- plain. Which is called Bolu Plain. North Anatolian Fault Zone is situated in Bolu Basin. It is known that Bolu Basin is a tectonically active area. Bolu, Gerede Earthquake which happened in 1944 with the magnitude of 7.2 resulted in the death of 3.900 people and 20.865 seriously damaged buildings. On the other hand after Bolu, Abant Earthquake in 1957 the number of the people who died was 52 and 4200 buildings colapsed or got damaged in serious way. In 1999 after Marmara Earthquake the magnitude of which was 7.4. 269 people died and and 1954 building were destroyed especially in Bolu and Düzce which was a district of Bolu at that time. During the same year on November 12 th, the earthquake happened in Kaynaşlı with the magnitude of 7.2 and after that disaster 48 people died and 353 buildings were seriously destroyed. Büyüksu Valley which is situated on North –east part of the valley and at Abant Mountains that are on the west frontier of the plain. Despite being covered with a lush, Bolu Basin still has a soil erossion. Despite that Bolu Basin is the area where erossion is mostly observed. According to the Thornthwaite climate classifiacation system Bolu Basin takes place in category C that in other words is dry-summer subtropical climate. Köppen descibes the climate in Bolu Basin as warm in winters, hot in summers and having enough rain each season. When analysed according to the De Martonne climate classification there is no dry month and Erinç tells that the climate in that basin is half humid and its plant cover is park scene forest. As a precaution, brooks in Bolu Basin are reclaimed and still worked on. Especially the flood that was between 19 th and 21 st May 1998 caused numerous damages. Which still remains as a bad memory in people’s mind.
Bolu Basin is situated in Western Black Sea region. It is surrounded by 2000-meter- high-mountains and in the middle of them there is a 725 meter-high- plain. Which is called Bolu Plain. North Anatolian Fault Zone is situated in Bolu Basin. It is known that Bolu Basin is a tectonically active area. Bolu, Gerede Earthquake which happened in 1944 with the magnitude of 7.2 resulted in the death of 3.900 people and 20.865 seriously damaged buildings. On the other hand after Bolu, Abant Earthquake in 1957 the number of the people who died was 52 and 4200 buildings colapsed or got damaged in serious way. In 1999 after Marmara Earthquake the magnitude of which was 7.4. 269 people died and and 1954 building were destroyed especially in Bolu and Düzce which was a district of Bolu at that time. During the same year on November 12 th, the earthquake happened in Kaynaşlı with the magnitude of 7.2 and after that disaster 48 people died and 353 buildings were seriously destroyed. Büyüksu Valley which is situated on North –east part of the valley and at Abant Mountains that are on the west frontier of the plain. Despite being covered with a lush, Bolu Basin still has a soil erossion. Despite that Bolu Basin is the area where erossion is mostly observed. According to the Thornthwaite climate classifiacation system Bolu Basin takes place in category C that in other words is dry-summer subtropical climate. Köppen descibes the climate in Bolu Basin as warm in winters, hot in summers and having enough rain each season. When analysed according to the De Martonne climate classification there is no dry month and Erinç tells that the climate in that basin is half humid and its plant cover is park scene forest. As a precaution, brooks in Bolu Basin are reclaimed and still worked on. Especially the flood that was between 19 th and 21 st May 1998 caused numerous damages. Which still remains as a bad memory in people’s mind.