Publication: Aristoteles felsefesinde bilginin temellendirilmesi
Abstract
steme, kanıtlama, tümevarım, akıl, duyum, tümel, ÖZET ARİSTOTELES FELSEFESİNDE BİLGİNİN TEMELLENDİRİLMESİ Çalışmamız Aristoteles’in bilgi anlayışına dayanmaktadır. Bilgi hakkında tartışılan temel problem ise bilginin temellerindirilme şeklidir. Aristoteles, bilgiyi tümelin bilgisi olarak görmekte ve bir şeyi bilmenin, onun nedenini bilmek olduğunu vurgulamakta; nedeni bildiğimizde o şeyi bildiğimizi söylemektedir. Aristoteles, bilimsel yöntem olarak tümdengelimi kabul etmekte ve zorunlu ve doğru öncüllerden kurallarına uyularak yapılan tümdengelimin bize doğru bilgi vereceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Kendisinin kanıtlamalı bilgi dediği bu bilgi, zorunlu öncüller üzerine temellendirilmektedir; bu bakımdan mantıksal temellendirme diyebileceğimiz bu işlem tamamen aklın bir ürünüdür. Kanıtlamanın temeli olan tümel ilkelere ulaşmanın yolu, Aristoteles’e göre duyusal algılamalara dayanan deneyim ve bu deneyim üzerine temellenen tümevarımdır. Ruhun bir işlevi olması açısından bilme eylemi bu noktada ruhun yetileri olan duyumsama ve düşünme üzerine temellendirilmektedir. Knowledge, induction, proof, intellect, sensation, universal,
THE GROUNDING OF KNOWLEDGE IN ARISTOTLES PHILOSOPHY Our work basis on Aristotle’s theory of knowledge. The main problem discussed about knowledge is what the basis of knowledge. Aristotle thinks that the knowledge is knowledge of universal and emphasises that knowledge of thing is to know its cause and says that when we know the cause we know the thing itself. Aristotle accepts deduction as a scientific method, presents that deduction constituted of essential and true premises regularly informs us correct knowledge. This knowledge which he names as demonstrative knowledge is established on essential premises so this process which we name logical justification is product of reason. According to Aristotle the way of attainment the universal principle, it bases of demonstration, is experience which bases on sensible perception induction which bases on this experience. To know as a activity of soul bases on perception and thinking which those are abilities.
THE GROUNDING OF KNOWLEDGE IN ARISTOTLES PHILOSOPHY Our work basis on Aristotle’s theory of knowledge. The main problem discussed about knowledge is what the basis of knowledge. Aristotle thinks that the knowledge is knowledge of universal and emphasises that knowledge of thing is to know its cause and says that when we know the cause we know the thing itself. Aristotle accepts deduction as a scientific method, presents that deduction constituted of essential and true premises regularly informs us correct knowledge. This knowledge which he names as demonstrative knowledge is established on essential premises so this process which we name logical justification is product of reason. According to Aristotle the way of attainment the universal principle, it bases of demonstration, is experience which bases on sensible perception induction which bases on this experience. To know as a activity of soul bases on perception and thinking which those are abilities.