Publication: Arap-İsrail normalleşmesi ve İbrahim anlaşmaları : Knesset zabıtları ışığında İsrail iç siyaseti
Abstract
Bu çalışma, 1882 yılında dünyanın farklı bölgelerinden Filistin topraklarına ilk örgütlü göçlere başlayan, 1948 yılında devletleşme sürecini tamamlayarak binlerce yıllık devlet idealini gerçekleştiren Yahudilerin, özellikle Orta Doğu bölgesindeki Araplarla münasebetlerinde tanınma arayışına girdiklerini ve 2020 yılında ABD’nin arabulucu olduğu İbrahim Anlaşmaları ile akamete uğrayan Araplarla normalleşme sürecinin İsrail için ontolojik bir hedef olduğunu savunmaktadır. İbrahim Anlaşmaları, önceki barış ve normalleşme anlaşmalarından farklı olarak incelenmelidir. İsrail ile savaş durumunda olmayan BAE, Bahreyn, Fas ve Sudan’ın bir barış anlaşması değil normalleşme anlaşması imzaladığı malumdur. Zikredilen Arap yönetimlerinin barış ve normalleşme süreçlerine yönelik yaklaşımı, temel olarak ‘ulusal çıkarlar’ üzerinden şekillenmektedir. İsrail açısından ise barış ve normalleşme kavramları, tarih boyunca maruz kalınan sürgünler, mücadeleler ve zorlu süreçlerin ardından elde edilen devletin varlığının ve güvenliğinin kalıcı biçimde sağlanmasına katkı sağlayan bir önlemdir. Sürekli bir savaş hali ve teyakkuz durumu, İsrail devleti için uzun vadede sürdürülebilir olmayan, yıpratıcı bir durumdur. Dolayısıyla İsrail'in temel hedeflerinden biri, komşu ülkelerden kaynaklanabilecek tehditlerin öncelikli olarak azaltılması, mümkünse ortadan kaldırılması ve ardından atılacak stratejik adımlarla bölgedeki diğer devletlerin müttefik hâline getirilmesidir. Böylelikle Yahudilerin, tarihsel ve dini bağlamda ‘vaat edilmiş topraklar’ olarak gördükleri bölgede huzur ve güven içinde yaşayabilmelerinin koşulları sağlanabilecektir. İsrail'in bu yaklaşımı, Siyonist ideallerin gerçekleşmesi için ‘barış ve normalleşmenin’ stratejik bir gerekliliktir. İsrail Meclisi Knesset’te Arap partiler haricindeki tüm partilerin İbrahim Anlaşmaları’nı olumlu teyit ettikleri en önemli bulgudur. Arap partilerin “işgalle barış olmaz” yaklaşımına karşın diğer İsrail partilerinin ortaklaştığı husus Siyonist amaçlardır. Bu çalışma, söylem analizi yöntemini esas alarak milletvekillerinin meclis konuşmaları incelemeye tabi tutmuştur. Bu araştırma, İsrail siyasetinin ve dolaylı olarak toplumun İbrahim Anlaşmaları’nı nasıl algıladığını tespit etme amacıyla kaleme alınmıştır.
This study argues that the normalization process initiated through the Abraham Accords in 2020, mediated by the United States, represents an ontological goal for Israel, distinctively differing from previous peace and normalization agreements. It specifically addresses the historical trajectory of organized Jewish immigration that began in 1882 from various regions of the world to the lands of Palestine, culminating in the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948, thus actualizing a millennia-old aspiration for statehood. Central to this state-building effort has been Israel’s quest for recognition, especially concerning its relations with Arab nations in the Middle East. Notably, the Abraham Accords diverge significantly from previous agreements, given that signatories such as the UAE, Bahrain, Morocco, and Sudan were never engaged in direct hostilities with Israel, thereby categorizing these accords as normalization rather than peace treaties. The Arab states' approach towards peace and normalization processes fundamentally stems from pragmatic considerations of national interests. Conversely, for Israel, the concepts of peace and normalization constitute strategic mechanisms to ensure the permanent preservation and security of a state established following extensive historical persecutions, struggles, and challenges. A constant state of warfare and heightened alert is unsustainable and debilitating for Israel in the long term. Thus, one of Israel's fundamental objectives is to mitigate, if not eliminate, threats emanating from neighboring countries, subsequently employing strategic initiatives to convert regional states into allies. This approach aims to create conditions allowing the Jewish population to live securely and peacefully within territories historically and religiously identified as the promised land. Consequently, normalization and peace are strategically indispensable to fulfilling Zionist ideals. A crucial finding of this research is the Israeli parliament Knesset’s positive affirmation of the Abraham Accords by all political parties except Arab parties. While Arab parties uphold the position that peace cannot coexist with occupation, other Israeli parties share consensus around Zionist objectives. Utilizing discourse analysis, this study examines parliamentary speeches delivered by Knesset members to determine how Israeli politics, and indirectly Israeli society, perceive the Abraham Accords.
This study argues that the normalization process initiated through the Abraham Accords in 2020, mediated by the United States, represents an ontological goal for Israel, distinctively differing from previous peace and normalization agreements. It specifically addresses the historical trajectory of organized Jewish immigration that began in 1882 from various regions of the world to the lands of Palestine, culminating in the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948, thus actualizing a millennia-old aspiration for statehood. Central to this state-building effort has been Israel’s quest for recognition, especially concerning its relations with Arab nations in the Middle East. Notably, the Abraham Accords diverge significantly from previous agreements, given that signatories such as the UAE, Bahrain, Morocco, and Sudan were never engaged in direct hostilities with Israel, thereby categorizing these accords as normalization rather than peace treaties. The Arab states' approach towards peace and normalization processes fundamentally stems from pragmatic considerations of national interests. Conversely, for Israel, the concepts of peace and normalization constitute strategic mechanisms to ensure the permanent preservation and security of a state established following extensive historical persecutions, struggles, and challenges. A constant state of warfare and heightened alert is unsustainable and debilitating for Israel in the long term. Thus, one of Israel's fundamental objectives is to mitigate, if not eliminate, threats emanating from neighboring countries, subsequently employing strategic initiatives to convert regional states into allies. This approach aims to create conditions allowing the Jewish population to live securely and peacefully within territories historically and religiously identified as the promised land. Consequently, normalization and peace are strategically indispensable to fulfilling Zionist ideals. A crucial finding of this research is the Israeli parliament Knesset’s positive affirmation of the Abraham Accords by all political parties except Arab parties. While Arab parties uphold the position that peace cannot coexist with occupation, other Israeli parties share consensus around Zionist objectives. Utilizing discourse analysis, this study examines parliamentary speeches delivered by Knesset members to determine how Israeli politics, and indirectly Israeli society, perceive the Abraham Accords.