Publication: Prenatal sıçan mesanesi üzerine elektromanyetik dalganın etkilerinin morfolojik ve biyokimyasal olarak incelenmesi
Abstract
Amaçlar: Bu çalışmanın amacı, dijital mobil telefonlarından gelen ve en yüksek spesifik absorbsiyon oranı (Specific Absorbtion Rate-SAR) değeri 1,79W/kg olan dijital selüler sistem (DSS) 1800-MHz radyasyonunun erkek sıçan mesanesi üzerine etkilerini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Sıçanlara mobil telefondan stand-by (Stand-by Fetal grup) ya da kesintisiz iletim modunda yayılan elektromagnetik dalga (EMD Fetal grup), günde 2 saat, embriyonik 14. günden doğuma kadar ya da doğumdan sonraki 60. güne kadar (Stand-by ve EMD grupları) uygulanmıştır. Deney gruplarındaki tüm hayvanların mesaneleri postnatal 60. günde eter anestezisi altında alınmış ve ışık ve elektron mikroskopik değerlendirmeler için hazırlanmıştır. Ürotelyumun bariyer fonkisyonu zonula okludens 1 ve E-kaderin immunhistokimyası ve transmisyon elektron mikroskobik inceleme için rutenyum kırmızısı boyaması ile değerlendirilmiştir. Oksidatif hasar biyokimyasal teknikler ile değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Elektromagnetik dalga grubunda, ürotelyum dökülmeleri, mast hücre sayısında artış, sıkı bağlantılarda hasar ve interselüler alanda genişlemeler gözlenmiştir. Son olarak, kontrol grubu ile kıyaslandığında, tüm gruplarda malondialdehit seviyesinde yükselme ve glutatyon seviyesinde düşüş gözlenmiştir.Sonuç: Elektromagnetik dalga, maruz kalınan yoğunluk ve süreye paralel olarak, gelişim sürecindeki mesane üzerine olumsuz etki yapmaktadır. Bu değişiklikler mesanede enflamatuvar hastalıklara sebep olabilir.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of digital cellular system (DCS) 1800-MHz radiation of a common digital mobile phone which has the highest specific absorption rate value of 1.79 W/kg on the urinary bladders of male rats.Materials and Methods: Rats exposed to electromagnetic wave (EMW) emitted by mobile phones on stand-by (Stand-by Fetal Group) or discontinious transmission mode (EMW Fetal group), 2 hours per day, from embryonic day 14 until parturition or until postnatal day 60 (Stand-by Fetal Group). The urinary bladders of the animals in experimental groups were removed at postnatal day 60 and prepared for light and electron microscopical investigation. The barrier function of urothelium was evaluated using zonula occludens 1 and E-cadherin immunohistochemistry and ruthenium red staining for transmission electron microscopy. Oxidative damage was evaluated by biochemical techniques. Results: EMW wave group showed desquamation of urothelial cells, increased number of mast cells, degeneration of tight junctions and dilatation of intercellular space. Finally, increase in the malondialdehyde and decrease in the glutathione levels were observed in all experimental groups when compared to those in the control group.Conclusion: Exposure intensity and time length correlate with adverse effects in developing period of the urinary bladder. These changes may lead to urinary bladder inflammatory disorders.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of digital cellular system (DCS) 1800-MHz radiation of a common digital mobile phone which has the highest specific absorption rate value of 1.79 W/kg on the urinary bladders of male rats.Materials and Methods: Rats exposed to electromagnetic wave (EMW) emitted by mobile phones on stand-by (Stand-by Fetal Group) or discontinious transmission mode (EMW Fetal group), 2 hours per day, from embryonic day 14 until parturition or until postnatal day 60 (Stand-by Fetal Group). The urinary bladders of the animals in experimental groups were removed at postnatal day 60 and prepared for light and electron microscopical investigation. The barrier function of urothelium was evaluated using zonula occludens 1 and E-cadherin immunohistochemistry and ruthenium red staining for transmission electron microscopy. Oxidative damage was evaluated by biochemical techniques. Results: EMW wave group showed desquamation of urothelial cells, increased number of mast cells, degeneration of tight junctions and dilatation of intercellular space. Finally, increase in the malondialdehyde and decrease in the glutathione levels were observed in all experimental groups when compared to those in the control group.Conclusion: Exposure intensity and time length correlate with adverse effects in developing period of the urinary bladder. These changes may lead to urinary bladder inflammatory disorders.