Publication: Tarim sigortası türleri̇ni̇n çok kri̇terli̇ karar verme yöntemleri̇ ile önceli̇klendi̇ri̇lmesi̇ : Türki̇ye tarım si̇gortaları üzeri̇ne bi̇r uygulama
Abstract
Bu çalışmada bitkisel üretim, büyükbaş hayvancılık ve küçükbaş hayvancılık alanlarında tarımsal faaliyet gerçekleştiren çiftçilerin veya tarım işletmelerinin ilgili alanlardaki risklere karşı önlem almak amacıyla tarım sigortası yaptırırken hangi sigorta türüne öncelik vermeleri gerektiği analiz edilmiştir. Analiz için Çok Kriterli Karar Verme yöntemlerinden AHP ve TOPSIS yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Yöntemlerin uygulanması için Microsoft Excel programından yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada kapsamında önceliklendirilecek alternatifler, Tarım Sigortaları Havuzu (TARSİM) içerisinde yer alan Devlet Destekli Tarım Sigortası türlerinden Bitkisel Ürün Sigortası, Büyükbaş Hayvan Hayat Sigortası ve Küçükbaş Hayvan Hayat Sigortası olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında değerlendirilecek kriterler ise ilgili sigorta türlerinin, il bazlı sigorta bedeli değerleri içinde en büyük paya sahip olan ve ortak olarak yer alan illerden oluşmaktadır. Bu iller, Konya, İzmir, Ankara, Balıkesir ve Yozgat illeridir. Analizlerde kullanılan veriler, TARSİM 2022 Faaliyet Raporu’ndan elde edilmiştir. AHP yöntemi ile yapılan analizden elde edilen sonuçlara göre, ilgili alanlarda faaliyet gösteren ve sigorta yaptırmak isteyen çiftçi veya tarım işletmelerinin, öncelikli olarak Bitkisel Ürün Sigortasına yönelmeleri önerilmektedir. TOPSIS yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre, pozitif ideal çözüme yakınlığı ve negatif ideal çözüme uzaklığı dikkate alınarak Bitkisel Ürün Sigortası en uygun alternatif olarak belirlenmiştir. Her iki yöntemle elde edilen sıralamaya göre, ikinci sırada Büyükbaş Hayvan Hayat Sigortası, son sırada ise Küçükbaş Hayvan Hayat Sigortası, seçilmesi gereken sigorta türleri olarak belirlenmiştir. Dolayısıyla iki yöntem ile elde edilen sıralamanın aynı olması, sonuçların anlamlı ve tutarlı olduğunu göstermektedir.
In this study, it was analyzed which type of insurance farmers or agricultural firms carrying out agricultural activities in the fields of crop production, cattle breeding and sheep and goat farming should give priority to when taking out agricultural insurance in order to take precautions against risks in the relevant areas. AHP and TOPSIS methods, which are Multi-Criteria Decision Making methods, were used for the analysis. Microsoft Excel program was used to implement the methods. The alternatives to be prioritized within the scope of the study were determined as Crop Insurance, Cattle Livestock Insurance and Sheep and Goats Livestock Insurance, which are among the State Supported Agricultural Insurance types within the Agricultural Insurance Pool (TARSİM). The criteria to be evaluated within the scope of the study consist of the provinces that have the largest share in the province-based insurance value of the relevant insurance types and that have data for all three insurance types. These provinces are Konya, İzmir, Ankara, Balıkesir and Yozgat. The data used in the analyzes were obtained from TARSİM 2022 Activity Report. According to the results obtained from the analysis made with the AHP method, it is recommended that farmers or agricultural firms operating in relevant fields and wishing to insure their products should first obtain Crop Insurance. According to the analysis results using the TOPSIS method, Crop Insurance has been determined as the most suitable alternative, taking into account its closeness to the positive ideal solution and its distance to the negative ideal solution. According to the ranking obtained by both methods, Cattle Livestock Insurance was determined as the insurance type to be chosen in the second place and Sheep and Goats Livestock Insurance was determined as the insurance type to be chosen in the last place. Therefore, the fact that the ranking obtained by the two methods is the same shows that the results are meaningful and consistent.
In this study, it was analyzed which type of insurance farmers or agricultural firms carrying out agricultural activities in the fields of crop production, cattle breeding and sheep and goat farming should give priority to when taking out agricultural insurance in order to take precautions against risks in the relevant areas. AHP and TOPSIS methods, which are Multi-Criteria Decision Making methods, were used for the analysis. Microsoft Excel program was used to implement the methods. The alternatives to be prioritized within the scope of the study were determined as Crop Insurance, Cattle Livestock Insurance and Sheep and Goats Livestock Insurance, which are among the State Supported Agricultural Insurance types within the Agricultural Insurance Pool (TARSİM). The criteria to be evaluated within the scope of the study consist of the provinces that have the largest share in the province-based insurance value of the relevant insurance types and that have data for all three insurance types. These provinces are Konya, İzmir, Ankara, Balıkesir and Yozgat. The data used in the analyzes were obtained from TARSİM 2022 Activity Report. According to the results obtained from the analysis made with the AHP method, it is recommended that farmers or agricultural firms operating in relevant fields and wishing to insure their products should first obtain Crop Insurance. According to the analysis results using the TOPSIS method, Crop Insurance has been determined as the most suitable alternative, taking into account its closeness to the positive ideal solution and its distance to the negative ideal solution. According to the ranking obtained by both methods, Cattle Livestock Insurance was determined as the insurance type to be chosen in the second place and Sheep and Goats Livestock Insurance was determined as the insurance type to be chosen in the last place. Therefore, the fact that the ranking obtained by the two methods is the same shows that the results are meaningful and consistent.