Publication: Liderlik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve bankacılık sektöründe bir uygulama
Abstract
Örgütsel literatürde liderlikle ilgili çok sayıda tanım yapılmıştır. Yapılan tanımlarda liderin grup üyelerinin davranışlarını etkileyip yönlendirdiğine işaret edilmektedir. Lideri izleyicilerinden ayıranın ne olduğu, liderliklerini sürdürmelerinin kaynağının ne olduğu soruları araştırmalara konu olmuştur. Özellikler yaklaşımı bu soruların cevabını liderin özelliklerinde aramıştır. Davranışsal yaklaşımlar ağırlığı liderin liderlik yaparken gösterdiği davranış biçimlerine yöneltilmiştir. Durumsal yaklaşımlarda ağırlık durumsal faktörlere verilmiş ve değişik durumların değişik liderlik stilleri gerektirdiğini ileri sürmüştür. Ancak bu çalışmalara eleştiriler yöneltilmiş ve araştırmacıları yeni çalışmalara yöneltmiştir. B.M. Bass etkileşimci ve dönüşümsel liderlik tanımlarını yapmıştır. Etkileşimci liderler, lider ve izleyicileri arasındaki etkileşimi geleneksel tarzda ele alır, statükoyu korumaya çalışır. Dönüşümsel lider ise izleyenlerinin değer, inanç ve ihtiyaçlarını değiştirmeye çalışır, izleyenlerine vizyon kazandırır. Lideri diğer insanlardan ayıran özellikler vardır. Bu çalışmamda amaç başarılı yöneticinin liderlik özelliklerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu esnada yöneticilerin yaşının, cinsiyetinin, öğrenim durumlarının, yönetici olarak çalıştıkları sürenin liderlik özelliklerini algılamalarındaki etkisi incelenmiştir. Bankacılık sektöründe faaliyet gösteren özel sermayeli ticaret bankalarında orta kademe yöneticisi olan kişilere anket uygulanmıştır. Anketler sonucunda başarılı yöneticinin demokratik, vizyon sahibi, güvenilir, karizmatik, geleceği gören, kendine güvenen bir insan olması istenmektedir. Yöneticinin öğrenim durumu haricindeki demografik faktörlerin liderlik özelliklerinin algılanması üzerinde etkili olduğu görülmüştür.
In organizational literature, there ar many definitions related with leadership. In these definitions; it is indicated that the leder affects and directs the behaviors of the members of the group. The questions; what separates the leader from the audience and what is the source of a leader continuing his/ her leadership, have been subjects of many researches. The appoach concerning characteristics has tried to answer these kinds of questions by searching the caharacteristic of a leader. The approach concerning behavior focused on the kinds of behaviors that a leader shows while performing the role as a leader. In approaches about circumstances, the focus was on the factors of circumstances and it was asserted that different circumstances required different leadership skills. However, these studies were criticized and the researchers direct towards new studies. B.M. Bass has defined leadership in terms of being interactive and transformational. Interactive leaders consider the interaction between the leader and the audience in a traditional way and try to maintain the status quo. Transformational leader tries to change the values, beliefs and the needs of the audience, and provides vision for the audience. There are characteristics that separate the leader from other people. The objective of my study is to determine the caharacteristics of a successful administrator. In the meantime, the effect of the age, gender, educational status, the period they worked as an administrator on understanding of their leadership caharacteristics has also been studied. A survey has been applied to administrators of middle level of the private capital commercial banks that are active in banking sector. It is determined by these surveys that a successful administrator should be democratic, have vision, reliable, charismatic, foresighted, and self-confident. It is also determined that other demographical factors other than the education status of an administrator is also effective on the understanding of leadership characteristic.
In organizational literature, there ar many definitions related with leadership. In these definitions; it is indicated that the leder affects and directs the behaviors of the members of the group. The questions; what separates the leader from the audience and what is the source of a leader continuing his/ her leadership, have been subjects of many researches. The appoach concerning characteristics has tried to answer these kinds of questions by searching the caharacteristic of a leader. The approach concerning behavior focused on the kinds of behaviors that a leader shows while performing the role as a leader. In approaches about circumstances, the focus was on the factors of circumstances and it was asserted that different circumstances required different leadership skills. However, these studies were criticized and the researchers direct towards new studies. B.M. Bass has defined leadership in terms of being interactive and transformational. Interactive leaders consider the interaction between the leader and the audience in a traditional way and try to maintain the status quo. Transformational leader tries to change the values, beliefs and the needs of the audience, and provides vision for the audience. There are characteristics that separate the leader from other people. The objective of my study is to determine the caharacteristics of a successful administrator. In the meantime, the effect of the age, gender, educational status, the period they worked as an administrator on understanding of their leadership caharacteristics has also been studied. A survey has been applied to administrators of middle level of the private capital commercial banks that are active in banking sector. It is determined by these surveys that a successful administrator should be democratic, have vision, reliable, charismatic, foresighted, and self-confident. It is also determined that other demographical factors other than the education status of an administrator is also effective on the understanding of leadership characteristic.