Publication: Fahreddin er-Râzî’de lafzın manaya delaleti bağlamında dilde kesinlik problemi
Abstract
Üç bölümden oluşan bu tezin girişinde, araştırmaya dair genel bir çerçeve ortaya konulmuştur. Öncelikle tezin gerekçesi ve önemi izah edilmiştir. Akabinde tezin konusu ortaya konmuş ve araştırmanın kaynakları hakkında değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Birinci bölümde dilde kesinlik probleminin tarihî ve nazarî çerçeve içerisinde konumlandırılması amaçlanmıştır. Burada öncelikle dilde kesinlik probleminin ne olduğu hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve kesinliği belirleyen sened ve metin üzerinde durulmuştur. İkinci olarak, konuyla ilgili teoriler tasnif edilip bunlar hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Böylece Râzî’nin, dille ilgili nasıl bir sorunsalla karşı karşıya kaldığı belirginleştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Tezin ikinci bölümünde, dilde kesinliğe engel olan ihtimallerin ele alınması amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda ilgili olasılıklar üç kısma ayrılarak incelenmiş ve Râzî’nin eserlerinden yola çıkarak bunlar hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Bu noktadan hareketle, Râzî’nin dilde kesinlik problemini nasıl tetkik ettiği tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Üçüncü ve son bölümde ise konu ile ilgili Râzî’nin eserlerinde geçen farklılıklara dikkat çekilmiştir. Bölümün ilk başlığında dilsel delâletin epistemik değeri ile ilgili farklılıklar incelenmiş ve karine ile kesinliğe ulaşılabileceği iddia edilmiştir. İkinci başlıkta ise dilde kesinliğe engel olan ihtimallerin sayısı tartışılmış ve bu olasılıkların bir sayı ile sınırlandırılamayacağı tespit edilmiştir.
In introducing this thesis consisting of three parts, a general framework for research is presented. Within this context, initially, the rationale and importance of the thesis were explained. Then, the thesis's subject was asserted, and the research sources were evaluated. The first chapter aims to position the problem of certainty in language within the historical and theoretical framework. Here, information about the problem of certainty in the language is submitted, and the Isnad and Matn that determine certainty are focused. Second, theories on the subject are classified, and information about them is submitted. In this way, it was tried to clarify how Razi faced problems with language. The second part of the dissertation aims to address the possibilities that hinder certainty in language. In this context, the relevant possibilities were divided into three parts, and information about them was given based on Razi's works.Regarding the topics of the view, it was tried to determine how Razi examined the problem of accuracy in language. In the third and final chapter, the differences in Razi's works related to the subject were underlined. In the first title of the chapter, differences in the epistemic value of the linguistic signification were examined, and it was claimed that certainty could be achieved by presumption. In the second title, the number of possibilities that prevent certainty in the language was discussed, and it was determined that these possibilities could not be limited to a number.
In introducing this thesis consisting of three parts, a general framework for research is presented. Within this context, initially, the rationale and importance of the thesis were explained. Then, the thesis's subject was asserted, and the research sources were evaluated. The first chapter aims to position the problem of certainty in language within the historical and theoretical framework. Here, information about the problem of certainty in the language is submitted, and the Isnad and Matn that determine certainty are focused. Second, theories on the subject are classified, and information about them is submitted. In this way, it was tried to clarify how Razi faced problems with language. The second part of the dissertation aims to address the possibilities that hinder certainty in language. In this context, the relevant possibilities were divided into three parts, and information about them was given based on Razi's works.Regarding the topics of the view, it was tried to determine how Razi examined the problem of accuracy in language. In the third and final chapter, the differences in Razi's works related to the subject were underlined. In the first title of the chapter, differences in the epistemic value of the linguistic signification were examined, and it was claimed that certainty could be achieved by presumption. In the second title, the number of possibilities that prevent certainty in the language was discussed, and it was determined that these possibilities could not be limited to a number.