Publication: Ortaokul İngilizce ders kitaplarının toplumsal cinsiyet açısından incelenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılında Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı, Talim Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı’nca onaylanıp Ortaokul ve İmam Hatip ortaokulları 5., 6., 7. ve 8. sınıflarda okutulan Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı ve özel yayınevi basımlı 8 adet İngilizce ders kitabında yer alan görsel ve metinleri toplumsal cinsiyet temsilleri açısından incelemek, cinsiyet eşitsizliği, kalıp yargılar ve cinsiyetçi ifadeler olup olmadığını belirleyerek toplumsal cinsiyet duyarlılığını vurgulamaktır. Çalışmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak, belirlenen ders kitapları Tannen (1993), Helvacıoğlu (1996), Arslan (2000) ve Sivaslıgil (2006) tarafından hazırlanmış kategoriler kapsamında incelenmiştir. Bu kategoriler; a)kadın ve erkek karakterlerin görsel ve metinlerde yer alma dağılımı, b)kadın ve erkek karakterlerin aile rolleri, c)kadın ve erkek karakterlerin yaptıkları ev içi işler/ aktiviteler, d)kadın ve erkek karakterlere atfedilen meslekler, e)kadın ve erkek karakterlerin boş zaman aktiviteleri, f)kadın ve erkek karakterleri tanımlamak için kullanılan sıfatlar. Çalışma sonucunda, ders kitaplarındaki kadın ve erkek karakterlerin temsilinde metin ve diyaloglarda adil bir denge olduğu, görsellerde ise erkeklerin daha fazla temsil edildiği belirlenmiştir. Aile rollerinde kadınların daha çok yer aldığı ve anne figürünün ön plana çıktığı görülmüştür. Ev işlerinde küçük bir farkla kadınların önde olduğu ancak çoğu ev işinin kalıplaşmış cinsiyet rolleri aksine ortaklaşa yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Meslekler ve boş zaman aktivitelerinde erkeklerin kadınlara kıyasla daha fazla ve çeşitli tercihlere sahip olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Kadın ve erkek karakterleri tanımlamak için kullanılan sıfatların erkeklerin lehine olduğu ve cinsiyet klişelerinin bulunduğu saptanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler alan yazındaki diğer çalışmaların sonuçları ile karşılaştırılarak tartışılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda konu ile ilgili çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the visuals and texts in 8 English textbooks published by the Ministry of National Education and private publishers, which were approved by Ministry of National Education, Board of Education and Discipline in the 2020-2021 academic year and taught in the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grades of Secondary Schools and Imam Hatip Secondary Schools to examine gender representations, to emphasize gender sensivity by identifying whether there are gender inequality, stereotypes and sexist expressions. In this study, the document analysis method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used. Using the content analysis method in the analysis of data, the selected textbooks were examined were examined within the categories prepared by Tannen (1993), Helvacıoğlu (1996), Arslan (2000) and Sivaslıgil (2006). These categories are; a)distribution of female and male characters in images and texts, b)family roles of female and male caharacters, c)domestic chores/ activities performed by female and male characters, d)occupations attributed to female and male characters, e)leisure activities of female and male characters, f)adjectives used to describe female and male characters. As a result of the study, it has been determined that there’s a fair balance in the text & dialogues in the representation of male and female characters in the textbooks, while men are represented more in the visuals. It has been observed that women are more involved in family roles and the mother figure comes to the fore. It has been determined that women are ahead with a small difference in chores, but most of the chores is done jointly, contrary to stereotypical gender roles. It has been revealed that men have more and various preferences compared to women in occupations and leisure activities. It has been determined that the adjectives used to describe male and female characters are in favor of men and there are gender stereotypes. The obtained data were discussed by comparing with the results of other studies in the literature. As a result of the study, various suggestions related to the subject were presented.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the visuals and texts in 8 English textbooks published by the Ministry of National Education and private publishers, which were approved by Ministry of National Education, Board of Education and Discipline in the 2020-2021 academic year and taught in the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grades of Secondary Schools and Imam Hatip Secondary Schools to examine gender representations, to emphasize gender sensivity by identifying whether there are gender inequality, stereotypes and sexist expressions. In this study, the document analysis method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used. Using the content analysis method in the analysis of data, the selected textbooks were examined were examined within the categories prepared by Tannen (1993), Helvacıoğlu (1996), Arslan (2000) and Sivaslıgil (2006). These categories are; a)distribution of female and male characters in images and texts, b)family roles of female and male caharacters, c)domestic chores/ activities performed by female and male characters, d)occupations attributed to female and male characters, e)leisure activities of female and male characters, f)adjectives used to describe female and male characters. As a result of the study, it has been determined that there’s a fair balance in the text & dialogues in the representation of male and female characters in the textbooks, while men are represented more in the visuals. It has been observed that women are more involved in family roles and the mother figure comes to the fore. It has been determined that women are ahead with a small difference in chores, but most of the chores is done jointly, contrary to stereotypical gender roles. It has been revealed that men have more and various preferences compared to women in occupations and leisure activities. It has been determined that the adjectives used to describe male and female characters are in favor of men and there are gender stereotypes. The obtained data were discussed by comparing with the results of other studies in the literature. As a result of the study, various suggestions related to the subject were presented.