Publication: İslam mezheplerinde iman ve büyük günah problemi
Abstract
İslam toplumunda farklı görüşteki Müslümanları dinden çıkmakla suçlayarak fırkalaşmayı başlatan Havaric bu görüşüyle iman ve büyük günah arasındaki etkileşim konusundaki tartışmaları başlatmıştır. Bu konu mezheplerin oluşumundaki temel etkenlerden biri olmuştur. İtikadi İslam mezheplerinde iman ve büyük günah anlayışının oluşumunu tarihi süreçle bağlantılı olarak ele aldığımız bu çalışmamızın giriş kısmında Hz. Peygamber ve ilk dört halife döneminde bu konuya nasıl yaklaşıldığı örnek olaylarla açıklanmıştır. Birinci bölümde Havaric, Mürcie, Mu’tezile, Şia ve Ehl-i sünnet mezheplerinin oluşumu ve genel görüşleri anlatılmıştır. Mezheplerin görüşleri oluşurken o dönemin siyasi, sosyal ve ekonomik şartlarından etkilenişine değinilmiştir. Mezheplerin iman görüşlerinin öngördükleri toplum modeliyle bağlantılı olarak oluştuğu ifade edilmiştir. İkinci bölümde mezheplerin büyük günah işleyenler hakkındaki yaklaşımları açıklanmıştır.Mezheplerin iman tanımlarındaki temel farklılık amelin imandan sayılıp sayılmaması olmuştur. Büyük günahın imana zarar verip vermediği de bu açıdan ele alınmıştır. Havaric, Mu’tezile ve Şia amelin imandan olduğunu savunmuştur. Havaric büyük günah işleyenin imandan çıkıp küfre girdiğini kabul ederken, Mu’tezile bu durumdaki kişinin imandan çıktığını ama küfre de girmediğini iddia etmiştir. Mu’tezile büyük günah işleyenin tevbe etmeden öldüğü takdirde ebedi cehennemde kalacağını kabul etmiştir. Şia bu konuda genel olarak Mu’tezile ile aynı görüşleri paylaşmıştır. Mürcie’nin iman tanımında amel yer almamıştır. Büyük günah işleyenlerin durumu Allah’a bırakılmıştır. Ehl-i sünnet ise genel olarak Mürcie ile aynı görüştedir. Amelin önemine vurgu yapılmakla birlikte günahkâr kişilerin affedilmeleri durumunda veya cehennemde cezalandırıldıktan sonra cennete girecekleri kabul edilmiştir.Mezheplerin iman ve büyük günah konusundaki yaklaşımlarının ele alındığı bu çalışmamızda mezhepleri kuran şahısların ve bu mezhebin görüşlerini benimseyenlerin sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik durumlarının ortaya konulan görüşlerin şekillenmesinde etkili olduğu ifade edilmiştir.
THE PROBLEM OF FAITH AND BIG SIN IN ISLAMIC SECTS “Havaric”, who started seperation of sects by blaming Muslims who have different opinions in Islamic Society for getting out of the religion. That has been one of the main factors in founding the sects.In the entrance part of our work which is processed in connection with the historical period of intellection of faith and big sins in Islamic Sects, it is explained how the Prophet (s.a.v.) and the Four Caliphes behaved on that subject by examples. In the first section it is explained how “Havaric, Murcie, Mu’teziler, Shia and Ehl-i sunnet” has founded and what their opinions are. Also it is mentioned how the political and economic conditions affected the process of forming the Sect. It is explained the way of founding has been affected by the prototype of society which they considered. In the second section the attitudes of the Sects about the ones commiting big sins has been stated.The main difference in defining the faith of the Sects has been if the behaviour is a part of faith or not. It has been argued if the “big sins” harms the faith or not in this point of view. “Havaric, Mu’tezile and Shia” has defended the view that the behaviour is a part of faith. Although “Havaric” accepted that the one who commited a big sin was out of religion and in “kufr”, “Mu’tezile” agreed being out of religion but claimed not being in “kufr”. On the other hand “Mu’tezile” judged if someone who committed big sins doesn’t regret for the sin make “tevbe” would stay in hell forever. Generally speaking “Shia” has agreed the comments of “Mu’tezile”. In the definition of faith according to the “Murcie” there isn’t a relation between behaviour and faith. The condition of the ones having big sins a up to Allah. “Ehl-i sunnet” usually agrees with “Murcie”. Although they emphasize the importance of behaviour, they have accepted that a person who had big sins could go to Heaven if s/ he is forgiven or punished in Hell.In this piece of work in which the attitudes of the Sects for faith and big sins, it is stated that the social, cultural and economic situation of the founders of the Sects and their believers has affected the way how these views has formed
THE PROBLEM OF FAITH AND BIG SIN IN ISLAMIC SECTS “Havaric”, who started seperation of sects by blaming Muslims who have different opinions in Islamic Society for getting out of the religion. That has been one of the main factors in founding the sects.In the entrance part of our work which is processed in connection with the historical period of intellection of faith and big sins in Islamic Sects, it is explained how the Prophet (s.a.v.) and the Four Caliphes behaved on that subject by examples. In the first section it is explained how “Havaric, Murcie, Mu’teziler, Shia and Ehl-i sunnet” has founded and what their opinions are. Also it is mentioned how the political and economic conditions affected the process of forming the Sect. It is explained the way of founding has been affected by the prototype of society which they considered. In the second section the attitudes of the Sects about the ones commiting big sins has been stated.The main difference in defining the faith of the Sects has been if the behaviour is a part of faith or not. It has been argued if the “big sins” harms the faith or not in this point of view. “Havaric, Mu’tezile and Shia” has defended the view that the behaviour is a part of faith. Although “Havaric” accepted that the one who commited a big sin was out of religion and in “kufr”, “Mu’tezile” agreed being out of religion but claimed not being in “kufr”. On the other hand “Mu’tezile” judged if someone who committed big sins doesn’t regret for the sin make “tevbe” would stay in hell forever. Generally speaking “Shia” has agreed the comments of “Mu’tezile”. In the definition of faith according to the “Murcie” there isn’t a relation between behaviour and faith. The condition of the ones having big sins a up to Allah. “Ehl-i sunnet” usually agrees with “Murcie”. Although they emphasize the importance of behaviour, they have accepted that a person who had big sins could go to Heaven if s/ he is forgiven or punished in Hell.In this piece of work in which the attitudes of the Sects for faith and big sins, it is stated that the social, cultural and economic situation of the founders of the Sects and their believers has affected the way how these views has formed