Publication: Zihinsel engelli çocuğa sahip ailelerle yapılan grupla psikolojik danışma ve rehberliğinin kaygı, depresyon ve aile yapısına etkisinin incelenmesi
Abstract
Bu araştırmada, grupla psikolojik danışma ve grup rehberliği çalışmasının, zihinsel engelli çocuğa sahip ailelerdeki kaygı, depresyon düzeyine ve aile yapısına ne yönde etki ettiği incelenmiştir. Öntest ve sontest kontrol gruplu deneme modeline uygun olarak hazırlanan çalışmanın evrenini İstanbul'da yaşayan ve zihinsel engelli çocuğunu Fındıkzade Semti'ndeki özel bir rehabilitasyon merkezine eğitim almaları için götüren anne ve babalar oluşturmuştur. Bu evren içinden random yöntemle belirlenmiş 26 çocuğun annesi veya babasıyla tek tek görüşüldükten sonra, toplantılara katılmaya gönüllü olan 13 anne-babanın deney grubunu oluşturması düşünülmüştür. Ancak ilk grup oturumuna bu kişilerden yalnızca 8'i katılmıştır. Bu 8 kişi deney grubunu oluşturmuştur. Görüşüme sırasında çalışmaya katılmayacağını bildiren kişilerden 8'i ise kontrol grubunu oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada kaygı düzeyini ölçmek amacıyla Özürlü Bir Çocuğa Sahip Anne Babaların Kaygı ve Endişe Düzeyini Ölçme Aracı, depresyon düzeyini ölçmek amacıyla Beck Depresyon Envanteri ve aile yapısını değerlendirmek amacıyla Aile Yapısını Değerlendirme Aracı kullanılmıştır. Deney grubuna katılan aile üyelerle 8 oturumluk grupla psikolojik danışma ve grup rehberliği çalışması yapılmıştır. Her oturum haftada bir defa yapılmış ve iki saat sürmüştür. Uygulamaların ardından istatistiksel çözümlemeler yapılmıştır. Deney grubuyla yapılan grup çalışmasının ne derece etkili olduğunu test etmek amacıyla Wilcoxon Eşleştirilmiş Çiftler İşaretlenmiş Sıra Sayıları Testi kullanılmıştır. Aynı istatistiksel işlem kontrol grubu öntest ve sontest verileri için de yapılmıştır. Deney ve kontrol gruplarının birbirleriyle öntest ve sontest sonuçlarının karşılaştırılmasında Mann Whitney U Testi'nden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen istatistiklerin anlamlılığı 0.05 düzeyinde test edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda grupla psikolojik danışma ve grup rehberliği çalışması ile zihinsel engelli çocuğa sahip ailelerin yalnızca bağımlılık ve kendini yönetmesi altboyutunun ölçtüğü özellik bakımından kaygılarının azaldığı, bu özelliğin dışında kaygı düzeylerinde bir değişme olmadığı, depresyon düzeylerinin azaldığı ve bireyin aile yapısını değerlendirmesi üzerinde etkili olduğu söylenebilir.
This study has examined how psychological counseling and guidance in groups has affected the level of anxiety, depression and the family structure in the families having mentally retarded children. Private interviews took place with each parents of the 26 mentally retarded children who were randomly selected among the parents having mentally retarded children, living in Istanbul, and who are carrying their children to a private rehabilitation center in Findikzade for special educational programs. As a result of these interviews, the experimental group was thought to be composed of 13 parents who were voluntary to participate to the group studies. However, the number of mothers participated to the first group study was just 8. And so on, the experiment group was based on 8. Therefore, it was necessary for the study to fix up the number of the members of the control group at 8 too. The Questionnaire on Resources and Stress for Families with Chronically İll or Handicapped Members was used to measure the level of anxiety, Beck Depression Inventory was employed to measure the level of depression, and Family Structure Evaluation Apparatus to evaluate the family structure in this counseling and guiding study. Both before and after the study, these tests were applied to the control group. During the study, the family members of the experimental group joined the psychological counseling and guiding studies once a week for 2 hours. Total number of such seances held in the study was 8. And the control group was not included in these seances. At the consequence of the study, the depression level of the experimental group has reduced and the evaluations about the family have changed in the experimental group. In addition to this, the results were not as expected in the context of anxiety. The only changing section was dependency and management, there was no change related with anxiety except this one. Apart from this, when the latest tests of the control and experimental group were compared, it is noticed that there was no significant difference between the experimental and the control groups.
This study has examined how psychological counseling and guidance in groups has affected the level of anxiety, depression and the family structure in the families having mentally retarded children. Private interviews took place with each parents of the 26 mentally retarded children who were randomly selected among the parents having mentally retarded children, living in Istanbul, and who are carrying their children to a private rehabilitation center in Findikzade for special educational programs. As a result of these interviews, the experimental group was thought to be composed of 13 parents who were voluntary to participate to the group studies. However, the number of mothers participated to the first group study was just 8. And so on, the experiment group was based on 8. Therefore, it was necessary for the study to fix up the number of the members of the control group at 8 too. The Questionnaire on Resources and Stress for Families with Chronically İll or Handicapped Members was used to measure the level of anxiety, Beck Depression Inventory was employed to measure the level of depression, and Family Structure Evaluation Apparatus to evaluate the family structure in this counseling and guiding study. Both before and after the study, these tests were applied to the control group. During the study, the family members of the experimental group joined the psychological counseling and guiding studies once a week for 2 hours. Total number of such seances held in the study was 8. And the control group was not included in these seances. At the consequence of the study, the depression level of the experimental group has reduced and the evaluations about the family have changed in the experimental group. In addition to this, the results were not as expected in the context of anxiety. The only changing section was dependency and management, there was no change related with anxiety except this one. Apart from this, when the latest tests of the control and experimental group were compared, it is noticed that there was no significant difference between the experimental and the control groups.