Publication: Hastaların sağlık hizmetlerinde yapay zeka kullanımına yönelik tutumlarının değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı, sağlık hizmetlerinde teknolojinin ileri ve güncel uygulamalarından biri olarak kabul edilen yapay zekanın, hastalar tarafından nasıl algılandığını ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda, hastaların yapay zekaya yönelik tereddütleri, hangi alanlarda daha fazla kabul gördüğü ya da reddedildiği ve sağlık bağlamındaki yaklaşımların, genel yaşam alanlarındaki tutumlardan nasıl farklılaştığı değerlendirilmektedir. Buna ek olarak politika üretenlere yapay zekanın hangi noktalarda sağlık hizmetlerinde etkili ve verimli kullanılabileceğine yönelik hastaların bakış açılarının da sunulması araştırmanın amaçları arasındadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma karma araştırma deseniyle hazırlanmıştır. Buna göre İstanbul ili evreninden 489 hasta ile anket , 45 kişi ile nitel görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca araştırmada kullanılan yapay zeka ölçeğinin dil ve kültür uyarlaması da yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen nicel veriler elektronik ortama aktarılarak SPSS 11.5 ve AMOS istatistik paket programları ile değerlendirilmiştir. Nicel çalışmada merkezi ve yaygınlık ölçütleri ile histogram incelemesi, basıklık ve çarpıklık değerleri ile One Sample Kolmorov-Smirnow testleri, nitel araştırmada ise odak grup görüşmeleri ve derinlemesine görüşmeler için tematik analiz yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmada yapay zeka kabulü genel yaşamda hastalar tarafından kabul edilir olarak görülse de sağlık hizmetlerinde kullanımına yönelik aynı oranda olumlu yaklaşılmadığı görülmüştür (r: ,262, p: ,000). Hem nitel hem nicel araştırmada katılımcıların sağlık hizmetlerine yapay zeka kullanımına yönelik bazı endişeleri oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Nitel araştırma kapsamında sağlık hizmetlerinde yapay zeka kullanımının özellikle olumlu katkıları olacağını düşünen birçok ifade karşımıza çıkmıştır. Çalışma yaş ve eğitim faktörlerinin sağlık hizmetlerinde yapay zeka kullanımına yönelik tutumlar üzerinde etkilerinin olabileceğini göstermektedir. Sonuç: Yapılan araştırma sonucunda, hastaların yapay zekanın sağlık alanındaki kullanımına, genel yaşam alanına kıyasla daha dikkatli ve temkinli yaklaştıkları; özellikle bazı uygulama alanlarında belirgin tereddütler yaşadıkları ve bu nedenle yapay zeka teknolojisinin sağlık alanında kullanımına ilişkin net bir kanaate henüz ulaşamadıkları belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, “Yapay Zekaya Yönelik Genel Tutum Ölçeği”nin Türkçe formunun, ülkemizde geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olarak kullanılabileceği de çalışmanın önemli bulgularından biri olarak ortaya konmuştur.
Objective: The objective of the present study is to elucidate patients' perceptions of artificial intelligence, which is regarded as one of the advanced and contemporary applications of technology in healthcare services. In this context, patients' hesitations towards artificial intelligence, in which areas it is more accepted or rejected, and how attitudes in the health context differ from attitudes in general life areas are evaluated. Moreover, the objective of the research endeavour is to furnish policy makers with insights into the optimal utilisation of artificial intelligence within healthcare services, as perceived by patients. Materials and Methods: The study was prepared using a mixed research design. Accordingly, a survey was conducted with 489 patients from the Istanbul province population, and 45 people were interviewed using qualitative methods. Furthermore, the artificial intelligence scale utilised in the research underwent a process of language and cultural adaptation. The quantitative data obtained as a result of the research were transferred to electronic media and evaluated with SPSS 11.5 and AMOS statistical package programs. In the quantitative study, a range of analytical techniques were employed, including histogram analysis with centrality and prevalence criteria, One Sample Kolmorov-Smirnow tests with kurtosis and skewness values, and thematic analysis for both focus group interviews and in-depth interviews in qualitative research. Findings: The study revealed that while patients generally accept artificial intelligence in their daily lives, they do not view its utilisation in healthcare services with the same level of enthusiasm (r: ,262, p: ,000). It was determined through a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methodologies that participants expressed reservations regarding the integration of artificial intelligence within healthcare services. Within the scope of the qualitative research, there were many statements that thought that the use of artificial intelligence in healthcare services would have positive contributions. The study indicates that factors such as age and educational attainment may influence attitudes towards the utilisation of artificial intelligence in health services. Conclusion: The findings of the research indicate that patients are more cautious and apprehensive about the utilisation of artificial intelligence in the domain of healthcare when compared to its application in other fields. They harbour significant reservations, particularly with regard to specific application areas. Consequently, they have not yet formed a definitive opinion regarding the utilisation of artificial intelligence technology in the field of healthcare. However, a salient finding of the study is that the Turkish form of the General Attitude Towards Artificial Intelligence Scale can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool in our country.
Objective: The objective of the present study is to elucidate patients' perceptions of artificial intelligence, which is regarded as one of the advanced and contemporary applications of technology in healthcare services. In this context, patients' hesitations towards artificial intelligence, in which areas it is more accepted or rejected, and how attitudes in the health context differ from attitudes in general life areas are evaluated. Moreover, the objective of the research endeavour is to furnish policy makers with insights into the optimal utilisation of artificial intelligence within healthcare services, as perceived by patients. Materials and Methods: The study was prepared using a mixed research design. Accordingly, a survey was conducted with 489 patients from the Istanbul province population, and 45 people were interviewed using qualitative methods. Furthermore, the artificial intelligence scale utilised in the research underwent a process of language and cultural adaptation. The quantitative data obtained as a result of the research were transferred to electronic media and evaluated with SPSS 11.5 and AMOS statistical package programs. In the quantitative study, a range of analytical techniques were employed, including histogram analysis with centrality and prevalence criteria, One Sample Kolmorov-Smirnow tests with kurtosis and skewness values, and thematic analysis for both focus group interviews and in-depth interviews in qualitative research. Findings: The study revealed that while patients generally accept artificial intelligence in their daily lives, they do not view its utilisation in healthcare services with the same level of enthusiasm (r: ,262, p: ,000). It was determined through a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methodologies that participants expressed reservations regarding the integration of artificial intelligence within healthcare services. Within the scope of the qualitative research, there were many statements that thought that the use of artificial intelligence in healthcare services would have positive contributions. The study indicates that factors such as age and educational attainment may influence attitudes towards the utilisation of artificial intelligence in health services. Conclusion: The findings of the research indicate that patients are more cautious and apprehensive about the utilisation of artificial intelligence in the domain of healthcare when compared to its application in other fields. They harbour significant reservations, particularly with regard to specific application areas. Consequently, they have not yet formed a definitive opinion regarding the utilisation of artificial intelligence technology in the field of healthcare. However, a salient finding of the study is that the Turkish form of the General Attitude Towards Artificial Intelligence Scale can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool in our country.