Publication: Lojistikte akaryakıt tüketimi ve karbon ayak izi : azaltıcı önlemlerin sürdürülebilirlik bağlamında incelenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışma, lojistik sektöründe yurtiçi karayolu taşımacılığında akaryakıt tüketimi ve karbon ayak izi arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyerek çevresel etkilerin azaltılmasına yönelik önlemleri sürdürülebilirlik perspektifiyle değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ulaştırma kaynaklı emisyonların en büyük bölümü karayolu taşımacılığından kaynaklanmaktadır. IPCC AR6 WGIII raporuna göre 2019 yılında karayolu taşımacılığı 6,1 GtCO₂-eşd. ile toplam ulaştırma emisyonlarının %69'unu oluşturmuştur. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) verilerine göre Türkiye'nin 2023 yılı toplam sera gazı emisyonu 552,2 MtCO₂-eşd. olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Aynı yıl karayolu taşımacılığından kaynaklanan CO₂ emisyonu yaklaşık 91,8 Mt olarak raporlanmıştır (IPCC kategori 1.A.3.b – Road Transportation). Bu değer, toplam emisyonların yaklaşık %16-17'sine karşılık gelmektedir. Elde edilen veriler, karayolu taşımacılığının sera gazı emisyonlarında sahip olduğu yüksek pay oranının önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu araştırmada, Türkiye'de 600'ün üzerinde ağır vasıta ile taşımacılık faaliyeti yürüten orta ölçekli bir lojistik firmasının 2025 yılına ait üç aylık akaryakıt kullanım verileri, ekonomik sürüş test verileri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Ekonomik sürüş eğitimi almamış firma sürücüleri ile ekonomik sürüş uzmanlarının aynı rotalarda gerçekleştirdikleri test sürüşleri 100 kilometre başına litre cinsinden kıyaslanmış ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklar tespit edilmiştir. SPSS kullanılarak yapılan analizlerde filo optimizasyonu, alternatif yakıt kullanımı, sürücü eğitimleri, akıllı rota planlaması ve araç teknolojilerinin akaryakıt tüketimine etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Test sürüşlerinde akaryakıt tüketim miktarının belirlenmesi amacıyla sistematik bir ölçüm protokolü uygulanmıştır. Her sefer öncesinde taşıtın kilometre bilgisi kaydedilmiş ve akaryakıt deposu tam dolu olarak sefer başlatılmıştır. Sefer sonunda taşıtın güncel kilometre bilgisi alınmış ve akaryakıt deposu tekrar doldurulmuştur. Kat edilen mesafe ve tüketilen akaryakıt miktarı arasındaki fark hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca taşıtlarda bulunan ve uzaktan veri aktarımına olanak sağlayan araç takip sistemi ile ağır vasıta üreticisinin filo yönetim platformundan eş zamanlı veri toplanmıştır. Bu çok katmanlı veri toplama yöntemi sayesinde firma sürücülerinin ve uzman sürücülerin ekonomik sürüş davranışları objektif bir şekilde ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırma bulguları, aynı taşıt, aynı rota, aynı yük ve benzer trafik koşullarında gerçekleştirilen seferlerde ekonomik sürüş uzmanlarının 100 kilometre başına akaryakıt tüketiminin firma sürücülerine kıyasla %12,92 daha az olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu anlamlı fark, sürücü eğitimlerinin ve ekonomik sürüş tekniklerinin yakıt verimliliği üzerindeki önemli etkisini kanıtlamaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Türkiye lojistik sektöründe enerji yönetimi ve sürdürülebilirlik konularında firmaların daha proaktif politikalar geliştirmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir. Çevresel sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanabilmesi için filo yönetiminde bütüncül bir yaklaşım benimsenmesi, sürücü eğitim programlarının yaygınlaştırılması, teknolojik altyapı yatırımlarının artırılması ve operasyonel süreçlerin optimize edilmesi önerilmektedir.
This study aims to examine the relationship between fuel consumption and carbon footprint in domestic road freight transportation within the logistics sector and to evaluate measures for reducing environmental impacts from a sustainability perspective. The largest share of transportation-related emissions originates from road transportation. According to the IPCC AR6 WGIII report, road transportation accounted for 69% of total transportation emissions in 2019, with 6.1 GtCO₂-eq. Based on Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) data, Turkey's total greenhouse gas emissions in 2023 were 552.2 MtCO₂-eq. In the same year, CO₂ emissions from road transportation were reported as approximately 91.8 Mt (IPCC category 1.A.3.b – Road Transportation). This value corresponds to approximately 16-17% of total emissions. The obtained data reveals the significant proportion that road transportation holds in greenhouse gas emissions. In this research, three-month fuel consumption data from 2025 of a medium-sized logistics company operating over 600 heavy-duty vehicles in Turkey were compared with economic driving test data. Test drives conducted by company drivers without economic driving training and economic driving specialists on the same routes were compared in terms of liters per 100 kilometers, and statistically significant differences were identified. Using SPSS software, the effects of fleet optimization, alternative fuel usage, driver training, smart route planning, and vehicle technologies on fuel consumption were evaluated. A systematic measurement protocol was implemented to determine fuel consumption levels during test drives. Before each trip, the vehicle's kilometer reading was recorded and the fuel tank was filled to full capacity before starting the journey. At the end of each trip, the vehicle's current kilometer reading was recorded and the fuel tank was refilled. The difference between the distance traveled and the amount of fuel consumed was calculated. Additionally, data were collected simultaneously from the vehicle tracking system enabling remote data transmission installed in the vehicles and from the heavy-duty vehicle manufacturer's fleet management platform. Through this multi-layered data collection method, the economic driving behaviors of company drivers and specialist drivers were objectively demonstrated. Research findings revealed that in trips conducted with the same vehicle, same route, same load, and similar traffic conditions, economic driving specialists' fuel consumption per 100 kilometers was 12,92% lower compared to company drivers. This significant difference proves the important impact of driver training and economic driving techniques on fuel efficiency. The obtained results indicate that companies in Turkey's logistics sector need to develop more proactive policies regarding energy management and sustainability. To achieve environmental sustainability, it is recommended to adopt a holistic approach in fleet management, expand driver training programs, increase technological infrastructure investments, and optimize operational process
This study aims to examine the relationship between fuel consumption and carbon footprint in domestic road freight transportation within the logistics sector and to evaluate measures for reducing environmental impacts from a sustainability perspective. The largest share of transportation-related emissions originates from road transportation. According to the IPCC AR6 WGIII report, road transportation accounted for 69% of total transportation emissions in 2019, with 6.1 GtCO₂-eq. Based on Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) data, Turkey's total greenhouse gas emissions in 2023 were 552.2 MtCO₂-eq. In the same year, CO₂ emissions from road transportation were reported as approximately 91.8 Mt (IPCC category 1.A.3.b – Road Transportation). This value corresponds to approximately 16-17% of total emissions. The obtained data reveals the significant proportion that road transportation holds in greenhouse gas emissions. In this research, three-month fuel consumption data from 2025 of a medium-sized logistics company operating over 600 heavy-duty vehicles in Turkey were compared with economic driving test data. Test drives conducted by company drivers without economic driving training and economic driving specialists on the same routes were compared in terms of liters per 100 kilometers, and statistically significant differences were identified. Using SPSS software, the effects of fleet optimization, alternative fuel usage, driver training, smart route planning, and vehicle technologies on fuel consumption were evaluated. A systematic measurement protocol was implemented to determine fuel consumption levels during test drives. Before each trip, the vehicle's kilometer reading was recorded and the fuel tank was filled to full capacity before starting the journey. At the end of each trip, the vehicle's current kilometer reading was recorded and the fuel tank was refilled. The difference between the distance traveled and the amount of fuel consumed was calculated. Additionally, data were collected simultaneously from the vehicle tracking system enabling remote data transmission installed in the vehicles and from the heavy-duty vehicle manufacturer's fleet management platform. Through this multi-layered data collection method, the economic driving behaviors of company drivers and specialist drivers were objectively demonstrated. Research findings revealed that in trips conducted with the same vehicle, same route, same load, and similar traffic conditions, economic driving specialists' fuel consumption per 100 kilometers was 12,92% lower compared to company drivers. This significant difference proves the important impact of driver training and economic driving techniques on fuel efficiency. The obtained results indicate that companies in Turkey's logistics sector need to develop more proactive policies regarding energy management and sustainability. To achieve environmental sustainability, it is recommended to adopt a holistic approach in fleet management, expand driver training programs, increase technological infrastructure investments, and optimize operational process
Description
Keywords
Business logistics, CO₂ azaltımı, CO₂ reduction, Eco-driving, Eko-sürüş, Fuel consumption (L/ 100 km), İşletme lojistiği, Karayolu yük taşımacılığı, Logistics, Logistics management, Lojistik, Lojistik yönetimi, Operasyonel verimlilik, Operational efficiency, Road freight transportation, Sustainability, Sustainable logistics, Sürdürülebilir lojistik, Sürdürülebilirlik, Telematics systems, Telematik sistemler, Transportation, Ulaştırma, Yakıt tüketimi (L/ 100 km)