Publication: İcra hukukunda ödeme emri
Abstract
Günümüzde, pratik ihtiyaçlar neticesinde alacaklıya medeni yargılamadan bağımsız bir prosedür dahilinde alacağına seri ve zahmetsiz bir şekilde kavuşabilme imkanı tanınması zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Bugün birçok Avrupa ülkesinde alacaklı, bir ön dava safhasına ihtiyaç olmaksızın cebri icraya başvurabilme imkanına sahiptir. Bununla birlikte, İsviçre-Türk Hukuku’na özgü “ödeme emri” kurumuna benzer bir düzenleme tarzı, mukayeseli hukukta mevcut değildir. Zira ödeme emri kurumu, prosedürün mahkemelerden bağımsız organlar tarafından yürütülmesi bakımından önemli bir farklılık taşımaktadır. Bu yapı, icra hukukuna hakim olan şeklilik ilkesini de öne çıkarmaktadır. Bu nedenle, kanun koyucu tarafından öngörülmüş olan şekil kurallarına riayet edilmesi, ödeme emrinin meşruiyeti bakımından en temel zorunluluktur. Alacaklı, bir alacak iddiası ile icra takibine girişebilmektedir. Bu aşamada alacaklı hiçbir ispat külfeti altında değildir. Bundan dolayı, alacaklının talebi üzerine düzenlenen ödeme emrinin geçerliği bakımından, alacaklı tarafından icra dairesine yöneltilen takip talebinin Kanun’da sayılan kayıtları ihtiva etmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır.
Nowadays, due to regular needs, it has been a must to obtain a right which is independent from civil proceeding for the creditor in order to be credited without long formalities and difficulties. Today, in most of the European countries creditor has the right for a enforcement without a need of a precourt process. In addition, any procedure similar to “Order for Payment” that belongs to Swiss-Turkish law does not exist in comperative law. Thus, order for payment institution has a very important difference when it is considered that is proceeded by court independent authorities. This structure, also promotes formality principal which dominates execution law. This is why it is a must that validity of order for payment is strictly tied to the preset formalities that is defined by law . Creditor can easily apply for enforcement process just with a claim of credit . In this phase the creditor is not obliged to obtain any proof. Thus, in order to ensure the validty of the order for payment request for execution process needs to have all necessary components defined by law,
Nowadays, due to regular needs, it has been a must to obtain a right which is independent from civil proceeding for the creditor in order to be credited without long formalities and difficulties. Today, in most of the European countries creditor has the right for a enforcement without a need of a precourt process. In addition, any procedure similar to “Order for Payment” that belongs to Swiss-Turkish law does not exist in comperative law. Thus, order for payment institution has a very important difference when it is considered that is proceeded by court independent authorities. This structure, also promotes formality principal which dominates execution law. This is why it is a must that validity of order for payment is strictly tied to the preset formalities that is defined by law . Creditor can easily apply for enforcement process just with a claim of credit . In this phase the creditor is not obliged to obtain any proof. Thus, in order to ensure the validty of the order for payment request for execution process needs to have all necessary components defined by law,