Publication: Production of graphene-based material loaded with selenium nanoparticles and investigation of its biocompatibility
Abstract
Amaç: Selenyum (Se), geniş farmakolojik yetenekleri ve fizyolojik fonksiyonları olan bir eser elementtir. Fosfolipid hidroperoksit, glutatyon peroksidaz ve tioredoksin redüktaz gibi çok sayıda antioksidan enzimin önemli bir bileşenidir. Se eksikliği bağışıklık sisteminde hasara ve onkogenez riskinin artmasına neden olacaktır. Se takviyeleri, yüksek toksisite veya düşük emilim gibi dezavantajlara sahip olduğu için yeni taşıyıcılara ihtiyaç vardır. Bu tez çalışmasının esas amacı Se yüklü grafen esaslı (GO-SeNPs) malzemelerin üretimi ve biyouyumluluğunun incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Üretilen nanoparçacıkların antimikrobiyal aktivitesi oluk difüzyon yöntemi ile saptandı. Antimikrobiyal etkinlik gösteren ekstreler için minimal inhibitör konsantrasyon (MİK) tespiti yapıldı. Antiproliferatif ve sitotoksik aktivitenin belirlenmesinde MTT yöntemi kullanıldı. Malzemelerin karakterizasyonu Fourier Dönüşümü Kızılötesi Spektroskopisi (FTIR), Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu ve Enerji Dağıtıcı X-Ray (EDX) analizi kullanılarak araştırıldı. Bulgular: Üretilen SeNP ve GO-SeNP’leri doza bağlı olarak, özellikle 250 ve 500 µg/ mL konsantrasyonlarında, kanser hücreleri üzerinde antiproliferatif etkiye sahip olduğu belirlendi. HT-29 hücrelerinde IC50 değeri 236,6 µg/ mL olarak bulunurken; PC-3 hücrelerinde IC50 değeri 175,15 µg/ mL olarak hesaplandı. GO'nun normal hücreler üzerindeki sitotoksik etkisinin GO-SeNP'lerde daha da azaldığı belirlendi (IC50: 193,2 µg/ mL). Antimikrobiyal analizler sonucunda MİK, Klebsiella pneumoniae hariç tüm bakteri suşlarında ve mayalarda 1000 µg/ mL olarak belirlendi. Sonuç: Se taşınımı için bu çalışmada üretilen nanopartiküllerin antiproliferatif etkilerinden dolayı kanser tedavisi için ümit vadeden ajanlar olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Objective: Selenium (Se) is a trace element with broad pharmacological capabilities and physiological functions. It is a significant component of numerous antioxidant enzymes such as phospholipid hydroperoxide, glutathione peroxidase, and thioredoxin reductase. Se deficiency will cause damage to the immune system and increased risk of oncogenesis. New carriers are needed because Se supplements have disadvantages such as high toxicity or low absorption. The main purpose of this thesis is to examine the production and biocompatibility of Se-loaded graphene-based (GO-SeNPs) materials. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial activity of the produced nanoparticles was determined by the groove diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for nanoparticles showing antimicrobial activity. MTT method was used to determine antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity. Characterization of the materials was investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis. Results: It was determined that the produced SeNPs and GO-SeNPs had an antiproliferative effect on cancer cells depending on the dose, especially at concentrations of 250 and 500 µg/ mL. While the IC50 value in HT-29 cells was 236,6 µg/ mL; The IC50 value in PC-3 cells was calculated as 175,15 µg/ mL. It was determined that the cytotoxic effect of GO on normal cells was further reduced in GO-SeNPs (IC50: 193,2 µg/ mL). It was found that GO-SeNPs has shown its strongest antimicrobial effect at MIC of 250 µg/ mL against Klebsiella pneumoniae and 1000µg/ mL against all of the other bacteria and yeasts. Conclusion: It is thought that the nanoparticles produced in this study for Se transport may be promising agents for cancer treatment due to their antiproliferative effects.
Objective: Selenium (Se) is a trace element with broad pharmacological capabilities and physiological functions. It is a significant component of numerous antioxidant enzymes such as phospholipid hydroperoxide, glutathione peroxidase, and thioredoxin reductase. Se deficiency will cause damage to the immune system and increased risk of oncogenesis. New carriers are needed because Se supplements have disadvantages such as high toxicity or low absorption. The main purpose of this thesis is to examine the production and biocompatibility of Se-loaded graphene-based (GO-SeNPs) materials. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial activity of the produced nanoparticles was determined by the groove diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for nanoparticles showing antimicrobial activity. MTT method was used to determine antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity. Characterization of the materials was investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis. Results: It was determined that the produced SeNPs and GO-SeNPs had an antiproliferative effect on cancer cells depending on the dose, especially at concentrations of 250 and 500 µg/ mL. While the IC50 value in HT-29 cells was 236,6 µg/ mL; The IC50 value in PC-3 cells was calculated as 175,15 µg/ mL. It was determined that the cytotoxic effect of GO on normal cells was further reduced in GO-SeNPs (IC50: 193,2 µg/ mL). It was found that GO-SeNPs has shown its strongest antimicrobial effect at MIC of 250 µg/ mL against Klebsiella pneumoniae and 1000µg/ mL against all of the other bacteria and yeasts. Conclusion: It is thought that the nanoparticles produced in this study for Se transport may be promising agents for cancer treatment due to their antiproliferative effects.