Publication: Türk bankacılık sisteminde kobi kredilerinde teminat tipi olarak KGF ve ekonomik aktörler açısından verimliliği
Abstract
Tüm dünya ekonomilerinde olduğu gibi ülkemizde de ekonomik aktiviteninönemli aktörlerinden olan Küçük ve Orta Büyüklükteki İşletmeler (KOBİ), yatırım,üretim, istihdam, dış ticaret ve katma değer yaratma işlevleri ile ülkemizin büyüme vekalkınmasında önemli katkılar sağlamaktadırlar. KOBİ’in toplumsal denge ve ekonomikistikrar açısından taşıdıkları kritik rolleri nedeniyle, dünya genelinde ve ülkemizdefinansal ve mali politikalar ile desteklenmekte ve teşvik edilmektedir. Bu işletmelerin enönemli sorunları finansmana erişimde yaşadıkları kısıtlardır. KOBİ finansmana erişimdeen fazla kredi kanalını kullanmakta, ancak bankalar kredi risklerini düşürmek için teminattalep etmektedir. KOBİ’in istenilen nitelik ve miktarda teminata sahip olmamaları isekrediye erişimlerini kısıtlamaktadır. Bu sebeple, eko-politik karar alıcıların KOBİ’eyönelik destek ve teşviklerde odaklandığı en önemli nokta finansmana erişimdeki teminatsorununun çözülmesidir. Bu sorunun çözümü için de, hem gelişmiş hem de gelişmekteolan ülkelerde uzun zamandan beri çeşitli yapılarda kredi garanti sistemleriuygulanmaktadır. Ülkemizde de işletmelerin teminat sorunlarının çözümüne yönelikolarak geliştirilen ve finansmana erişimlerini kolaylaştıran kredi garanti sistemininuygulayıcısı konumundaki kurum Kredi Garanti Fonu (KGF)’dur.Bu çalışmada; kredi garanti sisteminin tarafları olan KOBİ, bankalar ve KGFdetaylı olarak incelenmiş ve KGF’nin işletmelerin finansman problemlerinin çözümüneetkileri analiz edilmiştir. Özellikle 2017 yılında KGF kefaletli kredilerdeki artışınsistemin paydaşları ve ekonomik aktörler açısından verimliliği ele alınmıştır. Ayrıcasistemin geliştirilmesine yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), which are important actors of economicactivity in our country as in all world economies, make important contributions to thegrowth and development of our country with their functions of investment, production,employment, foreign trade and creating function of added value. Due to the critical rolesof SMEs in terms of social balance and economic stability, it is supported and encouragedby financial and fiscal policies worldwide and in our country. The most importantproblems of these enterprises are the restrictions they have in accessing finance. SMEuses the most credit channels in accessing finance, but banks demand collateral to reducetheir credit risks. SME's lack of the required qualifications and amount of collateralrestricts their access to credit. For this reason, the most important point that eco-politicaldecision-makers focus on support and incentives for SMEs is to solve the collateralproblem in accessing finance. For the solution of this problem, credit guarantee systemsin various structures have been implemented for a long time in both developed anddeveloping countries. In our country, the institution that is the implementer of the creditguarantee system, developed for the solution of collateral problems and facilitating accessto finance, is the Credit Guarantee Fund (KGF).In this study; SMEs, banks and KGF, which are the parties to the credit guaranteesystem, were examined in detail and the effects of KGF on the solution of financialproblems of the enterprises were analyzed. Especially in 2017, the efficiency of theincrease in KGF guaranteed loans was addressed to the system's stakeholders andeconomic actors. In addition, suggestions were made for the development of the system.
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), which are important actors of economicactivity in our country as in all world economies, make important contributions to thegrowth and development of our country with their functions of investment, production,employment, foreign trade and creating function of added value. Due to the critical rolesof SMEs in terms of social balance and economic stability, it is supported and encouragedby financial and fiscal policies worldwide and in our country. The most importantproblems of these enterprises are the restrictions they have in accessing finance. SMEuses the most credit channels in accessing finance, but banks demand collateral to reducetheir credit risks. SME's lack of the required qualifications and amount of collateralrestricts their access to credit. For this reason, the most important point that eco-politicaldecision-makers focus on support and incentives for SMEs is to solve the collateralproblem in accessing finance. For the solution of this problem, credit guarantee systemsin various structures have been implemented for a long time in both developed anddeveloping countries. In our country, the institution that is the implementer of the creditguarantee system, developed for the solution of collateral problems and facilitating accessto finance, is the Credit Guarantee Fund (KGF).In this study; SMEs, banks and KGF, which are the parties to the credit guaranteesystem, were examined in detail and the effects of KGF on the solution of financialproblems of the enterprises were analyzed. Especially in 2017, the efficiency of theincrease in KGF guaranteed loans was addressed to the system's stakeholders andeconomic actors. In addition, suggestions were made for the development of the system.