Publication: 4-7 yaş arası çocukların sayı kavramlarının piaget’nin birebir deneyleri ile incelenmesi
Abstract
Bu araştırmanın temel amacı; 4, 5, 6, 7 yaşlarındaki çocukların sayı kavramlarının Piaget’nin Birebir Eşleme Deneyleri ile incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın örneklemini; İstanbul ilinin Kadıköy ilçesindeki Milli Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı beş resmi ve beş özel okula devam etmekte olan 268 çocuk oluşturmaktadır. 4, 5, 6, 7 yaşlarındaki çocukların oluşturdukları bu örnekleme Bire Bir Eşleme Deneyleri bireysel olarak uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, güvenirlik çalışmaları için Cronbach Alpha katsayısı hesaplanmış, iki yarı test güvenilirliği hesaplanıp Guttman ve Spearman değerleri belirlenmiştir. Geçerlik çalışmalarında; Pearson çarpım moment korelasyon analizi işlemleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca demografik özelliklere ilişkin verilerin analizinde; tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA), post-hoc Tamhane’s T2 testi, bağımsız grup t testi, Man Whitney-U analizi, Kruskal Wallis-H ve Pearson çarpım moment korelasyon analizi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar SPSS Sosyal Bilimler istatistik erlendirilmiştir. Birebir Eşleme Testi’nin geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda 4 ile 5 yaş arasında, 6 ile 7 yaş arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Fakat 5 ve 6 yaş çocukların performansı arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır. 4 yaş çocuklarının birebir eşleme testi sonuçlarının diğer yaş gruplarının gerisinde olmasının kavram öncesi dönemde olmalarından; 5-6 yaş çocuklarının birebir eşleme testi sonuçları arasında fark çıkmamasının her iki yaş grubunun da sezgisel dönemde bulunmalarından; 7 yaş çocuklarının en iyi sonuçları elde etmesinin ise bu yaş çocuklarının artık somut işlemler döneminde olmalarından kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir.
The main purpose of this study is examination of number concepts of children who are in 4, 5, 6, and 7 years of age with Piaget’s experiments of one-to-one correspondence by matching. The sampling of the study consists of 268 children who are attending five public and five private schools of Ministry of National Education in Kadıköy District of Istanbul. These experiments of one-to-one correspondence by matching for this sampling consisting of children who are 4, 5, 6 and 7 years of age have been applied individually. In analyzing the data, Cronbach Alpha coefficient has been calculated for reliability studies; two semi-test reliabilities have been calculated and Guttman and Spearman values have been determined. In validation studies, Pearson product-moment-correlation analysis procedures have been applied. In addition, in analyzing of data regarding demographic characteristics, one way variant analysis (one way ANOVA), post-hoc Tamhane’s T2 test, independent group t test, Man Whitney-U analysis, Kruskal Wallis-H and Pearson product-moment-correlation analysis methods have been applied. The results have been assessed with SPSS program (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). It has been determined that one-to-one matching test is valid and reliable. At the end of the study, a meaningful difference has been found to be between the ages of 4 and 5, and 6 and 7. However, not any meaningful difference has been found to be between the performances of the children who are in 5 and 6 years of age. It is thought that the children who are 4 years of age group being behind other age groups in terms of matching test results are due to the fact that they are in pre-conception period; that not any difference occurs in terms of one-to-one matching test results for children who are in 5-6 years of age is due to the fact that both age groups are in intuitive periods and that the children who are in 7 years of age obtain the best results emanates from the fact that this age group children are in concrete committal period.
The main purpose of this study is examination of number concepts of children who are in 4, 5, 6, and 7 years of age with Piaget’s experiments of one-to-one correspondence by matching. The sampling of the study consists of 268 children who are attending five public and five private schools of Ministry of National Education in Kadıköy District of Istanbul. These experiments of one-to-one correspondence by matching for this sampling consisting of children who are 4, 5, 6 and 7 years of age have been applied individually. In analyzing the data, Cronbach Alpha coefficient has been calculated for reliability studies; two semi-test reliabilities have been calculated and Guttman and Spearman values have been determined. In validation studies, Pearson product-moment-correlation analysis procedures have been applied. In addition, in analyzing of data regarding demographic characteristics, one way variant analysis (one way ANOVA), post-hoc Tamhane’s T2 test, independent group t test, Man Whitney-U analysis, Kruskal Wallis-H and Pearson product-moment-correlation analysis methods have been applied. The results have been assessed with SPSS program (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). It has been determined that one-to-one matching test is valid and reliable. At the end of the study, a meaningful difference has been found to be between the ages of 4 and 5, and 6 and 7. However, not any meaningful difference has been found to be between the performances of the children who are in 5 and 6 years of age. It is thought that the children who are 4 years of age group being behind other age groups in terms of matching test results are due to the fact that they are in pre-conception period; that not any difference occurs in terms of one-to-one matching test results for children who are in 5-6 years of age is due to the fact that both age groups are in intuitive periods and that the children who are in 7 years of age obtain the best results emanates from the fact that this age group children are in concrete committal period.