Publication: Hentbolde isabetli kale atışlarında submaksimal atış hızı ve atış kuvvetinin biyomekanik analizi
Abstract
Bu çalışma, elit bayan hentbolcu sporcularının isabetli ve isabetsiz kale atışlarının kuvvet uygulama evresinin başlangıcı ile bitişindeki, üst ekstremite segmentleri ve eklemlerindeki kinetik-kinematik veriler arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek ayrıca sporcuların fiziksel özellikleri ile reaksiyon zamanlarının atış isabetliliğine etkisini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmamızda, A ve genç milli takımda 57±33.99 kez yer alan, on iki (12) hetbolcunun (22,92±2.43 yıl) fiziksel özellikleri ile reaksiyon zamanları ölçüldü. Hareket analizi için birinci aşamada isabet olmaksızın boş kaleye, ikinci aşamada isabetli olacak şekilde hedeflere dayanma adımlı yüksek temel atış tekniği ile yapmaları istendi. Görüntüleme, Basler marka üç kamera (100Hz) ile yapılarak veriler, AVİ formatında, SIMI Hareket Analizi 6.2 Programına aktarıldı. Topun elden çıktıktan sonraki hızı Sports Radar Gun ile tespit edildi. İstatistiksel analizlerde, SPSS Ver. 13.0 kullanıldı. Hentbolde dayanma adımı ile yapılan yüksek temel kale atışında, horizontal (xy) ve sagital (yz) düzlemlerde kol hızı, submaksimal değerdedir (horizontal düzlemde: % 66 , sagital düzlemde: % 55 ) (p<0.01). Radar ile ölçülen isabetli kaleye atılan top hızı (65.92±11.11 km/ sa) da, submaksimal (93.83%) değerdedir. Önkol segmentinin açısal hızı, dirsek eklemi absolut doğrusal hızını ve dolayısıyla top hızını arttırıcı etki yapmaktadır (p<0,01.) Absolut dirsek doğrusal hızı, top hızı üzerinde omuz eklemine göre daha etkindir (p<0,01). Horizontal düzlemde (xy) kol segmenti açısal hızı, reaksiyon zamanı ile negatif (r = -0,75 , p<0,00), kavrama kuvveti ile pozitif ( r = 0,58 , p<0,05) ilişkidedir. Bacak kuvveti, sagital düzlemde (yz) önkol segmenti açısal hızı ile pozitif (r = 0,58 , p<0.05), kol uzunluğu, frontal düzlemde (xz) önkol kuvveti ile negatif (r =- 0.71 , p<0.01) ilişkidedir. Sonuç olarak, hentbolde isabetli ve submaksimal hızda dayanma adımı ile yüksek temel atış yapabilmek için, hareket sırasında omuz ekleminde atış hızının yavaşlatılması, bacak ve kavrama kuvvetinin çabuk kuvvet tarzında geliştirilmesi, gövdede aşırı rotasyondan kaçınılması, reaksiyon zamanının kısaltılması yönünde uygulamalara antrenmanlarda yer verilmesinde yarar vardır.
This study aims to investigate the associations between the kinetic (force, moment force) and kinematical (angular and linear velocity, acceleration, angle) features of the arm (shoulder joint), forearm and trunk segments (elbow joint) for the accuracy at the beginning and the end of the on the spot throw of elite handballers, as well as, to understand the effects of their physical parameters and their reaction time on the accuracy of the throw. Twelve (12) elite female handballers (22,92±2.43 yrs) who played 57±33.99 times at the national A or junior team were evaluated on anthropometric, physical features, and their reaction time. They were asked to realize on the spot throw in the first step to the goal without target, then in the second step with the target for the motion analyse. The imaging was captured through Basler camera (100Hz), SIMI Motion Analyse System 6.2 were used for the motion analyse. The ball speed after it leaves the hand were measured by Sports Radar Gun. SPSS Ver. 13.0 program was used for Statistical analysis. According to the results of the study, arm velocity is in submaximal level in horizontal plane at 66% and in sagital plane at 55% at end of the sport throw (p<0.01). The submaximal ball speed (93.83%) in acquired throw was 65.92±11.11 km/ h. The absolute linear elbow velocity is more effective then shoulder (p<0,01). Arm segment angular velocity was inversely related with reaction time (r = -0,75 , p<0,00), and positively related with hand grip (r = 0,58 , p<0,05) in horizontal plane (xy). Angular velocity of forearm segment is related with leg strength in sagital plane (yz) (r = 0,58 , p<0.05). Upper extremity length is negatively related with the forearm strength in the frontal plane (r = - 0.71 , p<0.01). In conclusion, for the accuracy of overhead on the spot throw in handball, shoulder velocity might be slowed down during the throw; anaerobic strength of hand grip and leg of the handballers might be increased. The training could also be focused on controlling the excessive trunk rotation and decreasing the reaction time.
This study aims to investigate the associations between the kinetic (force, moment force) and kinematical (angular and linear velocity, acceleration, angle) features of the arm (shoulder joint), forearm and trunk segments (elbow joint) for the accuracy at the beginning and the end of the on the spot throw of elite handballers, as well as, to understand the effects of their physical parameters and their reaction time on the accuracy of the throw. Twelve (12) elite female handballers (22,92±2.43 yrs) who played 57±33.99 times at the national A or junior team were evaluated on anthropometric, physical features, and their reaction time. They were asked to realize on the spot throw in the first step to the goal without target, then in the second step with the target for the motion analyse. The imaging was captured through Basler camera (100Hz), SIMI Motion Analyse System 6.2 were used for the motion analyse. The ball speed after it leaves the hand were measured by Sports Radar Gun. SPSS Ver. 13.0 program was used for Statistical analysis. According to the results of the study, arm velocity is in submaximal level in horizontal plane at 66% and in sagital plane at 55% at end of the sport throw (p<0.01). The submaximal ball speed (93.83%) in acquired throw was 65.92±11.11 km/ h. The absolute linear elbow velocity is more effective then shoulder (p<0,01). Arm segment angular velocity was inversely related with reaction time (r = -0,75 , p<0,00), and positively related with hand grip (r = 0,58 , p<0,05) in horizontal plane (xy). Angular velocity of forearm segment is related with leg strength in sagital plane (yz) (r = 0,58 , p<0.05). Upper extremity length is negatively related with the forearm strength in the frontal plane (r = - 0.71 , p<0.01). In conclusion, for the accuracy of overhead on the spot throw in handball, shoulder velocity might be slowed down during the throw; anaerobic strength of hand grip and leg of the handballers might be increased. The training could also be focused on controlling the excessive trunk rotation and decreasing the reaction time.