Publication: TKP Atılım Dönemi'nde DİSK-TKP ilişkisi ve TKP'nin DİSK'te etkin olma kanalları
Abstract
Sendikalar, emek-sermaye çelişkisinin başlamasıyla birlikte, işçilerin, sosyal ve ekonomik haklarını talep etmek ve elde ettikleri hakları koruyup geliştirebilmek amacıyla kurdukları kitle örgütleridir. Sendikaların, kuruldukları her ülkede, siyasetle ve siyasi partilerle ilişkileri de olmuştur. Türkiye için de bu durum geçerlidir ve bir siyasi parti ile bir sendikal örgütlenmenin en yakın ilişki kurduğu dönem olarak da Türkiye Komünist Partisinin Atılım Dönemi olarak adlandırılan dönem karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada esas olarak TKPnin 1974te başlayan Atılım döneminde, hangi dinamikler sayesinde Devrimci İşçi Sendikaları Konfederasyonunda (DİSK) güç sahibi olduğu ve konfederasyonu ne gibi yollarla etkilediği üzerinde durulacaktır. TKPnin, Türkiyede örgütlenme kararı almasıyla başladığı söylenebilen Atılım döneminde, örgütlenme alanları olarak, demokratik kitle örgütleri önemli bir yer teşkil etmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu kararın bir parçası olarak TKPnin DİSKi de en önemli örgütlenme alanlarından biri olarak gördüğü bilinmektedir. Ne var ki bu örgütlemenin nasıl gerçekleştiği konusunda bugüne kadar yapılan çalışmalarda, genel olarak, DİSKin 5. Genel Kurulunda TKPli olduğu bilinen ya da tahmin edilen kişilerin DİSK yönetimine gelmesi şeklinde değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Bu bakış açısına göre TKP, tepeden inme denilebilecek yöntemlerle DİSKte etkin olmaya çalışmıştır gibi bir sonuç ortaya çıkmaktadır. Biz ise, bu çalışmada, bu tip değerlendirmelerin yetersiz olduğunu çünkü yakalanan kitleselliğin sadece DİSK yönetiminde söz sahibi olmakla açıklanamayacağını, her ne kadar yönetime gelmede bazı tepeden inme yöntemler kullanılmış olsa da asıl örgütlenmenin az sayıdaki TKP üyesinin günlük siyasi faaliyetleri ile başarılmış olduğunu göstermeye çalışacağız. Bunu yaparken de TKPnin kitleler içinde nasıl etkin bir hâle geldiği, nasıl bir çalışma yürüttüğü ve partinin kendi iç dinamikleri gibi yine bugüne kadar üzerinde çok fazla durulmamış konulara değinmeye çalışacağız. Ayrıca DİSK ve TKP arşivlerinin incelenmesi ve dönemin sendika ve parti üyeleri ile yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda, DİSK yönetiminde söz sahibi olmanın ötesinde, TKPnin DİSKte etkin olabilmesini sağlayan son derece önemli ve etkili araçların var olduğunu ve yine bu araçlar arasında en önemlilerinin de partinin, fabrikalarda ve mahallelerde yürüttüğü örgütlenme çalışmalarının, destek verdiği mitingler ve protesto gösterilerinin, savunduğu politikalar ve yayınların olduğunu göstermeye çalışacağız. Bu amaçla TKPnin DİSKte etkin olma kanallarını teker teker inceleyecek ve parti faaliyetlerini, sonuçlarıyla birlikte ortaya koymaya çalışacağız. Diğer taraftan DİSKin 5. Genel Kuruluna da çalışmamızda yer vererek TKPnin, konfederasyonun yönetiminde hangi mevkilerde ve nasıl söz sahibi olduğunu da göstermeye çalışacak ve böylece TKP için tepeden inme denilebilecek yöntemlerin ne derece etkili olduğunu anlamaya çalışacağız. Son olarak çalışmamızda TKPnin DİSKteki etkinliğinin, dönemin diğer siyasi örgütlerinin sendikalarla ve TKP ile ilişkilerini nasıl etkilediğine de yer vereceğiz. Bahsi geçen dönemde TKPnin illegal bir parti olması konunun araştırılmasını zorlaştırıcı bir etken olmuştur fakat DİSK arşivlerinin incelenmesinin yanı sıra TKPnin Atılım dönemi yayınlarının tamamının da incelenmesi ile bu sorun büyük oranda aşılmıştır. Daha da önemlisi, mümkün olduğunca, Atılım döneminde bu örgütlenmeleri yürütmüş olan TKPli kadrolarla görüşülerek, kişilerin kendi tecrübelerine başvurulmuştur. Ayrıca sadece TKPli kadrolarla görüşülmemiş, örneğin TİP gibi başka siyasetlerin de içinde yer almış kişilerle görüşülerek farklı bakış açılarının da ifade edilmesi sağlanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Trade unions are the mass organizations founded by workers with the beginning of labour-capital contradiction and they were founded with the aim of demanding workers social and economic rights, and preserving and enhancing those gained rights. Also, in all countries where they found, trade unions have relations with politics and political parties. The situation is the same in Turkey and it seems that the closest relationship between a trade union and a political party was estab- lished in the Atılım period of the Turkish Communist Party (TKP). This paper ba- sically focuses on the dynamics which enabled TKP to become powerful in the Con- federation of Progressive Trade Unions (DİSK) and on the methods used by the par- ty to become effective in the confederation in the period of Atılım which began in 1974. It can be said that Atılım began with the party s decision to organize in Tur- key and non-governmental organizations play an important role as organization- al areas. Therefore it is known that as a part of this decision, DİSK was seen as one of the most important organizational areas. However, until now, studies concern- ing how this organization was realized by the TKP generally focused on how the persons who were known or estimated to be members of the party came to man- agerial levels of DİSK at the 5th Congress of the confederation. The result of this view is: TKP tried to be effective in DİSK by using top-down methods. In this ar- ticle we claim that such evaluations are not enough because such a big populariza- tion cannot be explained only by focusing on having a voice in the management of the confederation; we try to show that although TKP used top-down methods to be able to be effective in the managerial bodies of the confederation, the re- al popularization of the party was realized by the daily political activities of few members of TKP. So, we try to focus on subjects neglected until now such as how the TKP became effective in masses, how they carried out their work and how the internal dynamics of the party came into play. Our research in the archives of DİSK and TKP and interviews with former members of the party and the union shows that apart from having administrative power, the party had much more import- ant tools to become effective within the confederation. Some of those tools were the organizing activities of the party in factories and districts, protest demonstra- tions and meetings which were supported by the party, and party politics and par- ty publications. This paper aims to analyze the tools TKP used to become effective in DİSK one by one and to put forth the party activities with their results. On the other hand, we have included the 5th Congress of the confederation in our study to be able to see how the top-down methods used by TKP become effective and at which level of the confederation party members held power. Finally we also try to show how the TKP-DİSK relations affected the relations of other political par- ties with trade unions and also with TKP. TKP was an illegal party in the Atılım pe- riod, which makes this study harder, but examining all publications of TKP in addi- tion to the DİSK archive eliminated this problem. More importantly, as far as possi- ble, opinions of party members in the Atılım period were asked in interviews. And to become more objective not only TKP members but also members of other orga- nizations such as the Turkish Workers Party (TİP) were interviewed
Trade unions are the mass organizations founded by workers with the beginning of labour-capital contradiction and they were founded with the aim of demanding workers social and economic rights, and preserving and enhancing those gained rights. Also, in all countries where they found, trade unions have relations with politics and political parties. The situation is the same in Turkey and it seems that the closest relationship between a trade union and a political party was estab- lished in the Atılım period of the Turkish Communist Party (TKP). This paper ba- sically focuses on the dynamics which enabled TKP to become powerful in the Con- federation of Progressive Trade Unions (DİSK) and on the methods used by the par- ty to become effective in the confederation in the period of Atılım which began in 1974. It can be said that Atılım began with the party s decision to organize in Tur- key and non-governmental organizations play an important role as organization- al areas. Therefore it is known that as a part of this decision, DİSK was seen as one of the most important organizational areas. However, until now, studies concern- ing how this organization was realized by the TKP generally focused on how the persons who were known or estimated to be members of the party came to man- agerial levels of DİSK at the 5th Congress of the confederation. The result of this view is: TKP tried to be effective in DİSK by using top-down methods. In this ar- ticle we claim that such evaluations are not enough because such a big populariza- tion cannot be explained only by focusing on having a voice in the management of the confederation; we try to show that although TKP used top-down methods to be able to be effective in the managerial bodies of the confederation, the re- al popularization of the party was realized by the daily political activities of few members of TKP. So, we try to focus on subjects neglected until now such as how the TKP became effective in masses, how they carried out their work and how the internal dynamics of the party came into play. Our research in the archives of DİSK and TKP and interviews with former members of the party and the union shows that apart from having administrative power, the party had much more import- ant tools to become effective within the confederation. Some of those tools were the organizing activities of the party in factories and districts, protest demonstra- tions and meetings which were supported by the party, and party politics and par- ty publications. This paper aims to analyze the tools TKP used to become effective in DİSK one by one and to put forth the party activities with their results. On the other hand, we have included the 5th Congress of the confederation in our study to be able to see how the top-down methods used by TKP become effective and at which level of the confederation party members held power. Finally we also try to show how the TKP-DİSK relations affected the relations of other political par- ties with trade unions and also with TKP. TKP was an illegal party in the Atılım pe- riod, which makes this study harder, but examining all publications of TKP in addi- tion to the DİSK archive eliminated this problem. More importantly, as far as possi- ble, opinions of party members in the Atılım period were asked in interviews. And to become more objective not only TKP members but also members of other orga- nizations such as the Turkish Workers Party (TİP) were interviewed