Publication: Osmanlı'da muhalefet ve iktidarın İran Meşrutiyeti'ne yönelik siyaseti (1905-1908)
Abstract
İslam dünyasında modernleşme hareketlerinin ortaya çıktığı XVIII. yüzyıl ve devamı Osmanlı-İran münasebetlerinin arttığı, ikili ilişkilerin daha somut bir hâl aldığı bir dönem olmuştur. Özellikle her iki devletin karşı karşıya kaldığı sömürge tehlikesi ve benimsedikleri merkeziyetçilik anlayışı da bu duruma sevk eden etkenlerdendir. İslam dünyasında Osmanlı’nın öncülük yaptığı ıslahat hareketleri ekseriyetle diğer Müslüman devletler tarafından takip edilirken İran tarafından da yakından izlenmiştir. Osmanlı’da XIX. yüzyılın içinde cereyan eden Tanzimat ve Islahat hareketleri ve akabinde meydana gelen anayasal hareketler matbuat, aydınlar ve devlet ricali aracılığıyla İran’a taşınmış ve önemli tesirler yaratmıştır. Söz konusu bu çalışmada İran’a anayasal hareketlerde öncülük eden Osmanlı’nın muhalefet ve iktidarıyla İran Meşrutiyeti’ne (1906) nasıl bir tepki gösterdikleri ve ne tür bir siyaset takip ettikleri ortaya koyulmuştur. Metinde, muhalefet ve iktidar politikaları ayrı başlıklar altında ele alınarak aynı zamanda fikrî bir mukayese yapılması hedeflenmiştir. Üç bölümden müteşekkil çalışmanın ilk bölümünde Jön Türkler olarak isimlendirilen Osmanlı muhaliflerinin siyaset ve politikaları incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde Osmanlı ve İran’a milliyet ve mezhep bakımından irtibatları bulunan Kafkas Türklerinin İran Meşrutiyeti’ne bakışları değerlendirilmiştir. Son bölümde ise iktidar cephesinden, II. Abdülhamid idaresi nazarından söz konusu hâdiseye yönelik takip edilen siyaset ele alınmıştır.
The 18th century and afterwards, with the beginning of modernization movements, there has been a period where the Ottoman-Iranian and bilateral relationships have become more prominent. Especially, both states facing the threat of colonialism and acceptance of centralism are also some factors causing this situation. In the Islamic world, the Ottoman pioneering is followed closely by Iran, while the other Muslim states have been observing Ottoman reform movements. In the 19th century of the Ottoman where the Tanzimat reforms and subsequent constitutional movements occurred, the impact has been transported to Iran through the press, intellectuals and statesmen and created significant effects. This study reveals the oppositional and powerful reactions and the political trajectory of Ottoman, who led Iran in constitutional movements, to Persian Constitution Revolution. In the text, opposition and power policies are also discussed under separate headings, while it is aimed to provide a comparative analysis at the same time. In the first part of the three-part study, the politics and policies of the Ottoman opponents named Young Turks are examined. In the second chapter, the evaluation is focused on the political position and response to the constitutional movement in Iran by the Caucasian Turks who are ethnically and religiously related to Ottoman and Iran. In the last chapter, from the facade of power, the politics towards this historical concept assumed by the 2nd Abdülhamid administration is analyzed and discussed.
The 18th century and afterwards, with the beginning of modernization movements, there has been a period where the Ottoman-Iranian and bilateral relationships have become more prominent. Especially, both states facing the threat of colonialism and acceptance of centralism are also some factors causing this situation. In the Islamic world, the Ottoman pioneering is followed closely by Iran, while the other Muslim states have been observing Ottoman reform movements. In the 19th century of the Ottoman where the Tanzimat reforms and subsequent constitutional movements occurred, the impact has been transported to Iran through the press, intellectuals and statesmen and created significant effects. This study reveals the oppositional and powerful reactions and the political trajectory of Ottoman, who led Iran in constitutional movements, to Persian Constitution Revolution. In the text, opposition and power policies are also discussed under separate headings, while it is aimed to provide a comparative analysis at the same time. In the first part of the three-part study, the politics and policies of the Ottoman opponents named Young Turks are examined. In the second chapter, the evaluation is focused on the political position and response to the constitutional movement in Iran by the Caucasian Turks who are ethnically and religiously related to Ottoman and Iran. In the last chapter, from the facade of power, the politics towards this historical concept assumed by the 2nd Abdülhamid administration is analyzed and discussed.