Publication: Tekafül sigortacılığında ürün geliştirme
Abstract
Sigorta ve sigortacılık sistemi, özellikle Akdeniz merkezli ticaretin gelişmesiyle Avrupa’da gelişmeye başlamış, İngiltere’de sanayi devrimine denk gelen dönemde ise istatistik yöntemlerin de kullanılmasıyla sistematik bir uygulama haline gelmiştir. Buna karşılık İslam toplumlarında ise 19. yüzyıla kadar sigortanın işlevini zekât, vakıf, Beyt-ül Mal, lonca gibi müesseseler görmüştür. Ancak özellikle 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren ekonomik ve sosyal hayatın değişimi ile artık bu müesseseler neredeyse tamamen işlevini kaybetmiş, sigortanın temin ettiği güven ortamına olan ihtiyaç iyice artmıştır. 1960’lardan itibaren İslam dünyasında fıkhi boyutlarıyla yoğun bir şekilde tartışılan sigorta konusunda ihtiyaçlara cevap verebilecek uygun çıkış yolları aranmıştır. Tekafül sigortası, temelinde karşılıklı kefaletin olduğu bir modeldir. Bu model geleneksel sigortaya alternatif İslami bir seçenek olarak sunulmuş ve kabul görmesinden itibaren de hızla gelişmiştir. Sudan, Malezya gibi ülkelerin teorik öncülüğünü yaptığı bu model, günümüzde İslam ülkelerinde olduğu kadar Batılı ülkelerde de uygulanan alternatif bir model haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada öncelikle sigorta kavramı, kavramsal kökleri ve tarihçesi, İslam fıkhı açısından tartışılmış, daha sonra ise sigortacılığın Dünyadaki ve Türkiye’deki durumu incelenmiştir. Sigortanın ekonomideki ve fıkıhtaki yeri tartışıldıktan sonra fıkıh açısından tartışmalı bulunan sigortaya alternatif olarak geliştirilen tekafül sigortası anlatılmıştır. gorta, Akile, Tekafül Sigortası, Tekafül Sistemi, Aile Tekafül.
Insurance and insurance system started to develop in Europe primarily due to expansion of Mediterranean centered trade and became a systematically used application with the use of statistical tools during industrial revolution in England. On the other hand in Islamic societies, guilds, waqfs, Beyt-al mal and zakat functioned as an insurance mechanism until 19th century. However, especially after the second half of 20th century, these institutions lost their functions with the major changes in the socio economic structures in societies and the need for trust environment provided by insurance became a necessity. Various tools that answers the insurance need have been sought in the Islamic Scholars’ arguments on Fıqh side of this issue since 1960s. Taqaful, is a model based on mutual guarantee. This model was presented as an Islamic alternative to traditional insurance and developed rapidly since the acceptance. This theoretical model pioneered by countries like Malaysia and Sudan, nowadays it has become an alternative model applied in Western countries as well as in Islamic countries. In this study, the concept of insurance has been discussed in terms of Islamic Law with conceptual origins and history, and later on the application in Turkey and world was investigated. After discussion of insurance’s place in the economy and Islamic Law, the alternative system of Taqaful was discussed in terms of the controversies around it regarding Islamic Law. Insurance, Surety, Taqaful, Taqaful business, Family of Taqaful.
Insurance and insurance system started to develop in Europe primarily due to expansion of Mediterranean centered trade and became a systematically used application with the use of statistical tools during industrial revolution in England. On the other hand in Islamic societies, guilds, waqfs, Beyt-al mal and zakat functioned as an insurance mechanism until 19th century. However, especially after the second half of 20th century, these institutions lost their functions with the major changes in the socio economic structures in societies and the need for trust environment provided by insurance became a necessity. Various tools that answers the insurance need have been sought in the Islamic Scholars’ arguments on Fıqh side of this issue since 1960s. Taqaful, is a model based on mutual guarantee. This model was presented as an Islamic alternative to traditional insurance and developed rapidly since the acceptance. This theoretical model pioneered by countries like Malaysia and Sudan, nowadays it has become an alternative model applied in Western countries as well as in Islamic countries. In this study, the concept of insurance has been discussed in terms of Islamic Law with conceptual origins and history, and later on the application in Turkey and world was investigated. After discussion of insurance’s place in the economy and Islamic Law, the alternative system of Taqaful was discussed in terms of the controversies around it regarding Islamic Law. Insurance, Surety, Taqaful, Taqaful business, Family of Taqaful.