Publication: 60-72 aylık çocuklar içi̇n zekâ değerlendi̇rme ölçeği̇ni̇n geli̇şti̇ri̇lmesi̇ : Bi̇r ön çalışma
Abstract
Bu araştırmanın amacı 60-72 aylık çocukların bilişsel becerilerini ölçmeye yönelik bir zekâ değerlendirme ölçeğinin geliştirilmesidir. Bu amaçla ölçek geliştirme kurallarına uygun olarak geliştirilen ölçme aracının psikometrik özellikleri tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma evreni İstanbul’da bulunan anaokullarındaki beş yaş grubu öğrencileridir. İstanbul’un sosyo-ekonomik çeşitliliği dikkate alınarak 3 tabaka halinde random olarak 12 ilçe tabakalı örneklem alma yolu ile belirlenmiştir. Nüfus yoğunlukları dikkate alınarak küme örneklem yolu ile de ilçelerdeki öğrenciler seçilmiştir. 60-72 ay arasında 1330 öğrenci örneklemi oluşturmuştur. Araştırma için geliştirilen ölçek Zeka Değerlendirme Ölçeği” olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Ölçek Sıralama Becerisi, Görsel Algı ve Mantıksal Eşleştirme, Problem Çözme ve Dikkat ve Hafıza Alt Boyutlarından oluşmaktadır. Zeka ölçme aracının psikometrik özellikleri incelendiğinde Sıralama Becerisi alt boyutununu Cronbach Alpha değeri .811'dir. Görsel Algı alt boyutunun Cronbach Alpha değeri .732'dir. Problem Çözme alt boyutunun Cronbach Alpha değeri .778'dir. Dikkat ve Hafıza alt boyutunun Cronbach Alpha değeri .805'tir. Toplam ölçeğin Cronbach Alpha değeri .908'dir. Yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre, testin 4 bölümünün her birinin kolaydan zora doğru sıralandığı ve yaş grubu büyüdükçe daha üst düzey soruların cevaplandığı belirlenmiştir. Yaş gruplarına yönelik yapılan analizler, yaşın artışıyla birlikte genel yetenek zeka düzeyi ortalama puanlarının yükseldiğini göstermektedir. Güvenirlik analizinde test-tekrar test çalışması yapılmış ve iki sonuç arasında .927 oranında yüksek korelasyon olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kriter geçerlilik kapsamında ise ASİS (.813) ve Leihter (.882) ile yüksek düzeyde pozitif yönde korelasyon olduğu belirlenmiştir. Demografik özelliklere göre bulgular değerlendirildiğinde 60-72 aylık kız çocukları ile erkek çocukları arasında sıralama puanları dışında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Ailelerin ekonomik durumlar ile çocukların anne ve baba eğitim düzeyleri yükseldikçe zeka ölçeği puanlarıda yükselmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, geliştirilen ölçeğin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik açısından yeterli bir ölçme aracı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle, 60-72 aylık çocukların zeka düzeylerini değerlendirmek için kullanılabilecek güçlü bir araç olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu yaş grubundaki çocukların bilişsel gelişimini ölçmek isteyen araştırmacılar ve eğitimciler için önemli bir kaynak olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışma, sadece İstanbul'daki 60-72 ay grubu çocukların sonuçlarına odaklanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, testin Türkiye genelinde daha geniş bir örneklem üzerinde uygulanması ve güvenirlik ile geçerlik açısından daha fazla test edilmesi önerilmektedir. Ayrıca, testin aynılık geçerliği kapsamında yeni geliştirilecek testlerle korelasyon analizlerinin yapılması da önerilmektedir.
The aim of this research is to develop an intelligence assessment scale to measure the cognitive skills of 60-72 month old children. For this purpose, the psychometric properties of the measurement tool developed in accordance with the scale development rules were determined. The study population of the research is five-year-old students in kindergartens in Istanbul. Considering the socio-economic diversity of Istanbul, 12 districts were randomly selected in 3 layers by using stratified sampling. Students in the districts were selected through cluster sampling, taking into account population density. The sample consisted of 1330 students aged between 60-72 months. The scale developed for the research was named Intelligence Assessment Scale. The scale consists of Sorting Skill, Visual Perception and Logical Matching, Problem Solving, and Attention and Memory Sub-Dimensions. When the psychometric properties of the intelligence measurement tool are examined, the Cronbach Alpha value of the Sorting Skill sub-dimension is .811. The Cronbach Alpha value of the Visual Perception subscale is .732. The Cronbach Alpha value of the Problem Solving subscale is .778. The Cronbach Alpha value of the Attention and Memory subscale is .805. The Cronbach Alpha value of the total scale is .908. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that each of the 4 parts of the test were ranked from easy to difficult and as the age group grew, higher level questions were answered. Analyzes for age groups show that the average scores of general ability intelligence level increase with increasing age. A test-retest study was conducted in the reliability analysis and it was determined that there was a high correlation of .927 between the two results. Within the scope of criterion validity, it was determined that there was a high level of positive correlation with ASİS (.813) and Leihter (.882). When the findings were evaluated according to demographic characteristics, no significant difference was found between 60-72 month old girls and boys, except for the ranking scores. As the economic situation of the families and the education levels of the children's parents increased, the intelligence scale scores also increased. As a result of the study, it was determined that the developed scale was an adequate measurement tool in terms of validity and reliability. Therefore, it has been identified as a powerful tool that can be used to assess the intelligence levels of children aged 60-72 months. It is thought that it can be an important resource for researchers and educators who want to measure the cognitive development of children in this age group. This study focused only on the results of children aged 60-72 months in Istanbul. However, it is recommended that the test be applied on a larger sample across Turkey and further tested for reliability and validity. In addition, it is recommended to conduct correlation analyzes with newly developed tests within the scope of the uniformity validity of the test.
The aim of this research is to develop an intelligence assessment scale to measure the cognitive skills of 60-72 month old children. For this purpose, the psychometric properties of the measurement tool developed in accordance with the scale development rules were determined. The study population of the research is five-year-old students in kindergartens in Istanbul. Considering the socio-economic diversity of Istanbul, 12 districts were randomly selected in 3 layers by using stratified sampling. Students in the districts were selected through cluster sampling, taking into account population density. The sample consisted of 1330 students aged between 60-72 months. The scale developed for the research was named Intelligence Assessment Scale. The scale consists of Sorting Skill, Visual Perception and Logical Matching, Problem Solving, and Attention and Memory Sub-Dimensions. When the psychometric properties of the intelligence measurement tool are examined, the Cronbach Alpha value of the Sorting Skill sub-dimension is .811. The Cronbach Alpha value of the Visual Perception subscale is .732. The Cronbach Alpha value of the Problem Solving subscale is .778. The Cronbach Alpha value of the Attention and Memory subscale is .805. The Cronbach Alpha value of the total scale is .908. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that each of the 4 parts of the test were ranked from easy to difficult and as the age group grew, higher level questions were answered. Analyzes for age groups show that the average scores of general ability intelligence level increase with increasing age. A test-retest study was conducted in the reliability analysis and it was determined that there was a high correlation of .927 between the two results. Within the scope of criterion validity, it was determined that there was a high level of positive correlation with ASİS (.813) and Leihter (.882). When the findings were evaluated according to demographic characteristics, no significant difference was found between 60-72 month old girls and boys, except for the ranking scores. As the economic situation of the families and the education levels of the children's parents increased, the intelligence scale scores also increased. As a result of the study, it was determined that the developed scale was an adequate measurement tool in terms of validity and reliability. Therefore, it has been identified as a powerful tool that can be used to assess the intelligence levels of children aged 60-72 months. It is thought that it can be an important resource for researchers and educators who want to measure the cognitive development of children in this age group. This study focused only on the results of children aged 60-72 months in Istanbul. However, it is recommended that the test be applied on a larger sample across Turkey and further tested for reliability and validity. In addition, it is recommended to conduct correlation analyzes with newly developed tests within the scope of the uniformity validity of the test.