Publication: Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e yayın dünyasında kadın ve çocuk eğitimi : Ayîne ve Süs dergileri
Abstract
Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e yayın dünyasında kadın ve çocuk eğitimi : Ayîne ve Süs dergileri 19. yüzyılın başlarından itibaren Batı’da kadın, sosyal hayat içindeki konum ve etkinlikleriyle karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Tanzimat’ın ilanı ve modernleşmenin de etkisiyle birlikte Osmanlı Devleti’nde de kadına yönelik kayda değer gelişme ve değişimlerin başladığı ifade edilebilir. Bu gelişim ve değişimler Cumhuriyet’in ilanıyla birlikte sonraki yıllarda gerçekleştirilen reformlarla da devam etmiştir. Bu tez çalışması kapsamında ele alınacak dergilerin ana inceleme konusu olan eğitim de Tanzimat’tan Cumhuriyet’e bu gelişim ve değişimden nasibini alan bir alan olarak ifade edilebilir. Yine bu çalışma kapsamında eğitimin basın yoluyla yapılması hasebiyle dönemlerin basını da dolaylı olarak inceleme alanına girmektedir. Çalışma yapılırken farklı dönemlere ait iki dergi merkeze alınmıştır. Bu dergilerden ilki Âyîne, Sultan Abdülaziz döneminde Selanik’te 14 Kasım 1875 tarihinde yayın hayatına başlamıştır. Diğeri Süs ise, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk döneminde İstanbul’da 16 Haziran 1923’te yayınlanmaya başlamıştır. Dolayısıyla iki derginin biri Meşrutiyet’in başında (Âyîne) diğeri Cumhuriyet’in başında (Süs) yayın dünyasında yerini almıştır. Yazılı iletişim araçlarından biri olan bu dergiler üzerinden “kadın ve çocuk” eğitimi incelenmesi yapıldığından ve yazılı iletişimin hammaddesinin de dil olduğu gerçeğinden yola çıkarak dilbilimci Norman Fairclough’un “eleştirel söylem analizi (ESA)” yöntemi baz alınarak dergiler incelenmiştir. Çünkü diğer taraftan; Fairclough’un bu yaklaşımı onu; modernist diğer eleştirmenlerden de ayırır, zira o söyleme tarihsel, ideolojik ve kültürel boyuttan bakmaktadır. Dolayısıyla farklı dönemlerde yayın hayatına giren bu iki dergi yayın hayatına girdikleri dönemin gelişim, değişim ve dönüşümünden de doğrudan yahut dolaylı etkilendiği düşünüldüğünden, bu etkilerin dergi üzerindeki yansımalarını hem metinlerinin dilbilgisi bakımından incelenmesi hem söylemsel hem de sosyo-kültürel boyutta yorumlama yapılabilmesine en uygun yöntemin (ESA) olduğundan yola çıkarak bahsi geçen dergilerde “Kadın ve Çocuk Eğitimi” bağlamında inceleme yapılmıştır.
Women and children education in the press world from Ottoman to Republic era : Ayine and Süs magazines Since the beginning of the 19th century, women in the West have come across with their position and activities in social life. With the proclamation of the Tanzimat and the impact of modernization, significant developments and changes for women began in the Ottoman Empire. These developments and changes continued with the reforms implemented in the following years, starting with the proclamation of the Republic. Education, the main subject of the journals to be examined in this thesis, can also be considered an area that has experienced this development and transformation from the Tanzimat to the Republic. Furthermore, because education was provided through the press, the press of the period is also indirectly included in this study's scope of study. The study focused on two magazines from different periods. The first of these, Âyîne, began publication in Thessaloniki on November 14, 1875, during the reign of Sultan Abdülaziz. The other, Süs, began publication in Istanbul on June 16, 1923, during the reign of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Therefore, one of the two magazines (Âyîne) entered the publishing world at the beginning of the Constitutional Monarchy, the other (Süs) at the beginning of the Republic. Because these magazines, one of the written communication tools, are examining women's and children's education, and because the raw material of written communication is language, the magazines were examined using linguist Norman Fairclough's “critical discourse analysis (CDA)” method. Furthermore, Fairclough's approach distinguishes him from other modernist critics, as he views discourse from a historical, ideological, and cultural perspective. Therefore, since these two magazines, which were published in different periods, were thought to be directly or indirectly affected by the development, change and transformation of the period in which they were published, the aforementioned magazines were examined in the context of “Women and Child Education”, considering that the most appropriate method for interpreting the reflections of these effects on the magazine is to examine the texts in terms of grammar and in terms of both discursive and socio-cultural dimensions (ESA).
Women and children education in the press world from Ottoman to Republic era : Ayine and Süs magazines Since the beginning of the 19th century, women in the West have come across with their position and activities in social life. With the proclamation of the Tanzimat and the impact of modernization, significant developments and changes for women began in the Ottoman Empire. These developments and changes continued with the reforms implemented in the following years, starting with the proclamation of the Republic. Education, the main subject of the journals to be examined in this thesis, can also be considered an area that has experienced this development and transformation from the Tanzimat to the Republic. Furthermore, because education was provided through the press, the press of the period is also indirectly included in this study's scope of study. The study focused on two magazines from different periods. The first of these, Âyîne, began publication in Thessaloniki on November 14, 1875, during the reign of Sultan Abdülaziz. The other, Süs, began publication in Istanbul on June 16, 1923, during the reign of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Therefore, one of the two magazines (Âyîne) entered the publishing world at the beginning of the Constitutional Monarchy, the other (Süs) at the beginning of the Republic. Because these magazines, one of the written communication tools, are examining women's and children's education, and because the raw material of written communication is language, the magazines were examined using linguist Norman Fairclough's “critical discourse analysis (CDA)” method. Furthermore, Fairclough's approach distinguishes him from other modernist critics, as he views discourse from a historical, ideological, and cultural perspective. Therefore, since these two magazines, which were published in different periods, were thought to be directly or indirectly affected by the development, change and transformation of the period in which they were published, the aforementioned magazines were examined in the context of “Women and Child Education”, considering that the most appropriate method for interpreting the reflections of these effects on the magazine is to examine the texts in terms of grammar and in terms of both discursive and socio-cultural dimensions (ESA).