Publication: Bi̇reysel başvuruda artan i̇ş yükü ve bu bağlamda Anayasa Mahkemesi̇ni̇n yeni̇den yapılandırılması
Abstract
Temel hak ve hürriyetlerin yargısal düzeyde korunması amacıyla, iç hukukta, yeni bir başvuru yolu olarak öngörülen, bireysel başvuru yoluyla AYM’nin görev ve yetkileri arasına bir yenisi eklenmiştir. Mahkemenin, insan haklarını koruma konusunda gösterdiği başarı, başvuru sayılarının giderek artmasına yol açmıştır. Artan başvuru sayısı, Mahkeme’nin bireysel başvurularda, iş yükü sorununa dönüşmüştür. İş yükü sorunu, yalnızca Türkiye’ye özgü değildir, çeşitli ülkelerde yer alan benzer mekanizmaların da bu sorunla karşılaştığı görülmüştür. Ancak AYM diğer ülkelerle kıyaslanamayacak kadar ağır bir iş yükü ile karşı karşıyadır. Tezimiz üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde bireysel başvuru kurumuna ilişkin genel açıklamalara yer verilmiştir. İlk olarak bireysel başvuru kavramına, tanımına ve işlevlerine değinildikten sonra İHAM ile diğer ülkelerdeki bireysel başvuru uygulamalarına ilişkin genel nitelikte açıklamalar yapılmıştır. Birçok tezde olduğu üzere bireysel başvuruya ilişkin diğer ülke uygulamalarına ayrıntılı olarak yer verme imkânımız olduğu halde bunun yerine, diğer ülkelerdeki uygulamalardan hareketle, kullanılabilecek malzemeleri, metnin içerisine yayarak ele almayı tercih ettik. Devamında Türk hukukunda, bireysel başvurunun kabul edilmesinden önceki hak arama sürecine değindikten sonra kurumun kabul edilmesinden önceki süreçte yaşanan tartışmalar, doktrindeki görüşler ışığında ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde, iş yükü sorununu somutlaştırmak adına istatistiki veriler ışığında değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Buna ek olarak, bireysel başvuru usulünün iş yükü artışı ile ilişkisi örnek kararlar çerçevesinde ele alınarak Mahkeme’nin yaklaşımı ortaya konmuştur. Üçüncü bölümde ise Mahkeme’nin iş yükü ile mücadele amacıyla benimsediği uygulamalara değinildikten sonra İHAM ve diğer ülkelerde benimsenen, iş yüküne dair çözüm yöntemlerinin, Türk hukukunda uygulanabilirliği ele alınmıştır. Böylece AYM’nin iş yükü sorunu perspektifinde yeniden yapılandırılması konusu ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
To ensure the judicial protection of fundamental rights and freedoms, a new avenue has been introduced in domestic law as a means of individual application, adding another dimension to the tasks and powers of the Constitutional Court. The success of the Court in safeguarding human rights has led to a gradual increase in the number of applications. The growing number of applications has turned into a workload issue for the Court in individual applications related to the protection of human rights. The workload issue is not unique to Turkey; similar mechanisms in various countries have also faced this problem. However, the Constitutional Court of Turkey is burdened with an exceptionally heavy workload when compared to other countries. Our thesis consists of three parts. In the first section, general explanations regarding the individual application institution are provided. Initially, the concept, definition, and functions of individual application are discussed, followed by general descriptions of individual application practices in the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and in other countries. As is the case in many theses, although we have the opportunity to provide detailed information about individual application practices in other countries, we have chosen to incorporate materials that can be used, based on practices in other countries, into the text. Following this, after discussing the pre-application dispute resolution process in Turkish law before the acceptance of individual applications, the debates and opinions in the doctrine regarding the process before the institution's acceptance are addressed. In the second section, assessments have been made using statistical data to concretize the workload issue. In addition, the relationship between the increase in workload and the procedural aspects of individual applications is discussed within the framework of example decisions, revealing the Court's approach. In the third section, after discussing the practices adopted by the Court to combat the workload, the applicability of solutions adopted by the ECtHR and other countries regarding workload in Turkish law is examined. Thus, the issue of restructuring the Constitutional Court in the perspective of its workload problem is attempted to be addressed.
To ensure the judicial protection of fundamental rights and freedoms, a new avenue has been introduced in domestic law as a means of individual application, adding another dimension to the tasks and powers of the Constitutional Court. The success of the Court in safeguarding human rights has led to a gradual increase in the number of applications. The growing number of applications has turned into a workload issue for the Court in individual applications related to the protection of human rights. The workload issue is not unique to Turkey; similar mechanisms in various countries have also faced this problem. However, the Constitutional Court of Turkey is burdened with an exceptionally heavy workload when compared to other countries. Our thesis consists of three parts. In the first section, general explanations regarding the individual application institution are provided. Initially, the concept, definition, and functions of individual application are discussed, followed by general descriptions of individual application practices in the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and in other countries. As is the case in many theses, although we have the opportunity to provide detailed information about individual application practices in other countries, we have chosen to incorporate materials that can be used, based on practices in other countries, into the text. Following this, after discussing the pre-application dispute resolution process in Turkish law before the acceptance of individual applications, the debates and opinions in the doctrine regarding the process before the institution's acceptance are addressed. In the second section, assessments have been made using statistical data to concretize the workload issue. In addition, the relationship between the increase in workload and the procedural aspects of individual applications is discussed within the framework of example decisions, revealing the Court's approach. In the third section, after discussing the practices adopted by the Court to combat the workload, the applicability of solutions adopted by the ECtHR and other countries regarding workload in Turkish law is examined. Thus, the issue of restructuring the Constitutional Court in the perspective of its workload problem is attempted to be addressed.