Publication: Sosyal medyada mikro-ünlülerin marka tutumu oluşumundaki rolü
Abstract
Günümüzde hiç tanımadığımız kişilerin yaşamlarını en yakınlarından biriymiş gibi izleyebilmek, günlük rutinlerini takip edebilmek, sabahları tanımadığımız bir sosyal medya içerik üreticisinin motivasyon mesajlarıyla güne başlamak gibi eskiden akıllara dahi gelmeyen birçok yenilik, günümüzde teknolojinin gelişimi sayesinde günlük hayatımızın bir parçası olmaya başlamıştır. Dijitalleşen dünya ile yeni kavramlar ortaya çıkmaya başlamış, eski kavramlar da bu gelişime uyum sağlamıştır. Ünlü olmak eskiden televizyon, radyo, gazete gibi geleneksel medya araçları sayesinde mümkün olabilirken günümüzde bir ev hanımı, bankacı, mühendis, kısacası “sıradan” ya da başka bir deyişle “bizden biri” gibi olan herkes sosyal medya araçları sayesinde paylaştıkları içeriklerle ün sahibi olabilmektedir. Sosyal medyada yayınladıkları özgün, doğal, samimi içeriklerle kendi izleyici/ takipçi kitlesini oluşturan ve yeni nesil ünlüler olarak da kabul edilen bu kişiler “mikro-ünlü” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Sosyal medyada giderek yaygınlaşan mikro-ünlülerin marka tanıtımlarının, tüketicilerin markaya yönelik tutumlarına etkisinin belirlenmesi, pazarlamacılar için önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında; Katz ve Lazarsfeld’in (1955) iki aşamalı akış modeli temel alınarak, sosyal medyada bir mesaj kaynağı olarak mikro-ünlülerin çekicilik, güvenilirlik ve uzmanlıklarının marka tutumu oluşumuna etkisi çevrim içi anket tekniği ile incelenmiştir. Çevrim içi anket uygulaması için 18 yaş üstü, İstanbul ilinde ikamet eden 503 katılımcıya ulaşılmış ve kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yapısal eşitlik modeli (YEM) kullanılarak yapılan analizler sonucunda kaynak güvenilirliğinin; çekicilik, güvenilirlik ve uzmanlık alt boyutlarının marka tutumu üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkisi olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarının, hem pazarlama stratejilerinde mikro-ünlü kullanan markalara önemli katkılar sağlaması, hem de gelecekte yapılacak akademik çalışmalara ışık tutması hedeflenmektedir.
Nowadays many innovations that were inconceivable in the past, such as being able to follow the lives of people we have never met as if they were one of the closest ones, follow their daily routines, and start the day with motivational messages from a social media content producer in the morning that we don’t know in person have become a part of our daily lives as a result of technological advancements. With the digitalized world, new concepts have started to emerge, and old concepts have adapted to this development. While it used to be possible to become famous through traditional media such as television, radio, and newspapers, nowadays; a housewife, a banker, an engineer, in essence anyone who is ordinary or, in other words, one of us can become famous with the content they share through social media. These people, who create their own audience/ followers with the authentic, organic, and sincere content they publish on social media and who are also widely known as new generation celebrities, are defined as micro-celebrities. It is essential for marketers to determine the effect of brand promotions of micro-celebrities, which are becoming increasingly widespread on social media, on consumers’ attitudes toward brands. Within the scope of this study, based on Katz and Lazarsfeld's (1955) two-stage flow model, the effects of the attractiveness, trustworthiness, and expertise of micro-celebrities as a message source on social media on brand attitude formation were investigated with an online survey technique. For the online survey, 503 participants over the age of 18 and residing in Istanbul were reached and the convenience sampling method was used. As a result of the analyses conducted using the structural equation modeling (SEM), it was found that the sub dimensions of source credibility; attractiveness, trustworthiness and expertise have a statistically significant impact on brand attitude. It is aimed that the results of the study will both provide significant contributions to brands that use micro-celebrities in their marketing strategies and shed light on future academic studies.
Nowadays many innovations that were inconceivable in the past, such as being able to follow the lives of people we have never met as if they were one of the closest ones, follow their daily routines, and start the day with motivational messages from a social media content producer in the morning that we don’t know in person have become a part of our daily lives as a result of technological advancements. With the digitalized world, new concepts have started to emerge, and old concepts have adapted to this development. While it used to be possible to become famous through traditional media such as television, radio, and newspapers, nowadays; a housewife, a banker, an engineer, in essence anyone who is ordinary or, in other words, one of us can become famous with the content they share through social media. These people, who create their own audience/ followers with the authentic, organic, and sincere content they publish on social media and who are also widely known as new generation celebrities, are defined as micro-celebrities. It is essential for marketers to determine the effect of brand promotions of micro-celebrities, which are becoming increasingly widespread on social media, on consumers’ attitudes toward brands. Within the scope of this study, based on Katz and Lazarsfeld's (1955) two-stage flow model, the effects of the attractiveness, trustworthiness, and expertise of micro-celebrities as a message source on social media on brand attitude formation were investigated with an online survey technique. For the online survey, 503 participants over the age of 18 and residing in Istanbul were reached and the convenience sampling method was used. As a result of the analyses conducted using the structural equation modeling (SEM), it was found that the sub dimensions of source credibility; attractiveness, trustworthiness and expertise have a statistically significant impact on brand attitude. It is aimed that the results of the study will both provide significant contributions to brands that use micro-celebrities in their marketing strategies and shed light on future academic studies.
Description
Keywords
Advertising, Attitudes, Brand attitude, Brand name products, Celebrities, Çevrimiçi sosyal ağlar, Economic aspects, Ekonomik yönleri, Etkileyici kişi pazarlaması, Influencer marketing, Internet marketing, İnternette pazarlama, Kaynak güvenilirliği, Marka tutumu, Markalı ürünler, Micro-celebrity, Mikro-ünlü, Online social networks, Reklamcılık, Social media, Sosyal medya, Source credibility, Structural equation modeling, Tutumlar, Ünlüler, Yapısal eşitlik modeli
