Publication: Forum’s organıc ıntellectuals and reproductıon of Kemalıst socıal formatıon
Abstract
FORUM’UN ORGANİK ENTELEKTÜELLERİ VE KEMALİST TOPLUMSAL FORMASYONUN YENİDEN ÜRETİLMESİ Bu tezin amacı, Forum dergisinin 1950’li yıllarda Türk siyasetindeki rolünü analiz etmektir. 27 Mayıs ertesi gerçekleşen siyasal düzenlemelerin açıkça ortaya koyduğu üzere Forum’un Türk siyasi düşününe katkıları incelemeye değerdir. Cumhuriyetçi elitlerin liberal çocuklarının 1950 seçimlerinde Demokrat Parti’yi desteklemeleri oldukça ilgi çekicidir. Bu desteğin ortaya çıkması ve 1954’te sona ermesi bir kenarda tutularak, DP’nin 1940’lı yıllar Türkiyesi’ndeki siyasal, ekonomik ve toplumsal dönüşümler neticesinde ortaya çıkan toplumsal koalisyonu Gramsci’nin siyasal güçlerin ilişkileri ve bilinçliliği analizi bağlamında incelenmektedir. Forum’un bürokratik tabakaya olan yakınlığı sınıf dinamikleri çerçevesinde ele alınırken, siyasal rolleri entelektüeller sosyolojisindeki sınıfa-bağlı entelektüel tipi üzerinden analiz edilmektedir. Aynı zamanda Bauman’ın yasakoyucu entelektüel tipolojisi Forum’un entelektüelleri için uygun düştüğü kabul edilmektedir. Tezin bir diğer amacı, Forum’un 1954-1958 yılları arasında yayımlanan sayılarının ideolojik bir analize tabi tutulmasıdır. Forum’un çok partili dönemde Kemalist toplumsal formasyonun devamlılığını sağladığı iddia edilmektedir. Bu hedefi başarmak için, Kemalizm, Liberalizm ve Sosyal Demokrasi’yle elit-gücü stratejisi içerisinde sentezlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, Forum yazarlarında Hürriyet Partisi’nin 1957 seçimleri mağlubiyeti neticesinde ortaya çıkan hayal kırıklığı değişen siyasal perspektifler bağlamında incelenmektedir. Bu bağlamda, Aydun Yalçın’ın 1960 askeri darbesi ertesinde Öncü gazetesindeki yazıları değerlendirilerek, sol-liberal bir çizgiden cumhuriyetçi muhafazakar bir çizgiye kayması ortaya konmaktadır. November 2014
FORUM’S ORGANIC INTELLECTUALS AND REPRODUCTION OF KEMALIST SOCIAL FORMATION The aim of this thesis is to analyze the role of the Forum journal on Turkish politics in the 1950s. As political arrangements of post-May 27 era proves that Forum’s contributions to the Turkish political thought is worth to study on its intellectual circle. It is an interesting fact that liberal intellectuals who were children of republican elites supported the Democratic Party at the general elections of 1950. By pursuing the reason of this support and its clear decline in 1954, emerge of DP’s social coalition is examined through Gramscian analysis on the relations of political forces and consciousness by discussing economic, social and political transformations of 1940’s Turkey. The Forum’s affinity toward bureaucratic strata is evaluated by the class dynamics, and their role is explained through the sociology of intellectuals as class-bound intellectual. Bauman’s typology for intellectuals as legislators is convenient for Forum’s intellectuals. The other aim of the thesis is focusing on the writings in the Forum during 1954-1958 by assessing them through ideological analysis. It is defended that Forum concerned the reproduction of Kemalism to provide continuity of the social formation in the multi-party era. To achieve this aim, Kemalism was synthesized with Liberalism and Social Democracy in the pages of Forum as an effort of elite-power strategy. However, intellectual shifts of Forum writers following the frustration aroused from the 1957 elections and Hür-Pa’s failure are evaluated from changing political perspectives. In this sense, Aydın Yalçın’s articles on Öncü following the military coup of 1960 that reveal his shift from left-liberal stance to republican conservatism are analyzed.
FORUM’S ORGANIC INTELLECTUALS AND REPRODUCTION OF KEMALIST SOCIAL FORMATION The aim of this thesis is to analyze the role of the Forum journal on Turkish politics in the 1950s. As political arrangements of post-May 27 era proves that Forum’s contributions to the Turkish political thought is worth to study on its intellectual circle. It is an interesting fact that liberal intellectuals who were children of republican elites supported the Democratic Party at the general elections of 1950. By pursuing the reason of this support and its clear decline in 1954, emerge of DP’s social coalition is examined through Gramscian analysis on the relations of political forces and consciousness by discussing economic, social and political transformations of 1940’s Turkey. The Forum’s affinity toward bureaucratic strata is evaluated by the class dynamics, and their role is explained through the sociology of intellectuals as class-bound intellectual. Bauman’s typology for intellectuals as legislators is convenient for Forum’s intellectuals. The other aim of the thesis is focusing on the writings in the Forum during 1954-1958 by assessing them through ideological analysis. It is defended that Forum concerned the reproduction of Kemalism to provide continuity of the social formation in the multi-party era. To achieve this aim, Kemalism was synthesized with Liberalism and Social Democracy in the pages of Forum as an effort of elite-power strategy. However, intellectual shifts of Forum writers following the frustration aroused from the 1957 elections and Hür-Pa’s failure are evaluated from changing political perspectives. In this sense, Aydın Yalçın’s articles on Öncü following the military coup of 1960 that reveal his shift from left-liberal stance to republican conservatism are analyzed.