Publication: Uluslararası haber ajanslarında Türkiye’nin sınır ötesi askeri harekâtları : Sputnik ve VOA örneği
Abstract
Çalışmamızda, Türkiye’nin yapmış olduğu sınır ötesi askerî harekâtlarına yönelik, Rusya ve ABD’nin kendi haber ajansları olan Sputnik ve Voice of America (VOA) haber ajanslarından Teun Van Dijk eleştirel söylem analizi yapılmıştır. Böylece, bölgedeki ülkelerin diplomatik ilişkileri ve ideolojileri yapmış oldukları söylemler üzerinden açığa çıkarılmıştır.İÇİNDEKİLERTEZ ONAY BELGESİiÖNSÖZiiÖZETiiiABSTRACTivKISALTMALARviiGİRİŞ1BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM5SURİYE İÇ SAVAŞI51.1.ORTADOĞU’DA ARAP BAHARINA GENEL BAKIŞ51.2.ARAP BAHARI SONRASI SURİYE İÇ SAVAŞI’NIN TARİHSEL SÜRECİ71.2.1.Osmanlı Hakimiyetinden Sonra Suriye71.2.2.Bağımsızlıktan Sonra Suriye81.2.3.İç Savaş’ın Sosyo- Ekonomik Nedenleri101.2.4.İç Savaş’ın Siyasi Nedenleri111.2.5.İç Savaş’ın Etnik ve Dini Nedenleri111.3.SURİYE İÇ SAVAŞI’NIN TARAFLARI VE HEDEFLERİ121.3.1.Rusya’nın Suriye Politikası151.3.2.ABD’nin Suriye Politikası171.3.3.Türkiye’nin Suriye Politikası191.4.SURİYE İÇ SAVAŞINDAN SONRA ESAD REJİMİ22İKİNCİ BÖLÜM25TÜRKİYE’NİN SURİYE’YE YÖNELİK SINIR ÖTESİ ASKERİ HAREKATLARI252.1.FIRAT KALKANI HAREKÂTI292.2.ZEYTİN DALI (AFRİN) HAREKÂTI322.3.BARIŞ PINARI HAREKÂTI352.4.BAHAR KALKANI HAREKÂTI372.5.RUSYA’NIN TÜRKİYE’NİN SINIR ÖTESİ ASKERİ HAREKÂTLARINA TEPKİSİ392.6.ABD’NİN TÜRKİYE’NİN SINIR ÖTESİ ASKERİ HAREKÂTLARINA TEPKİSİ40ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM42SINIR ÖTESİ ASKERİ HAREKÂTLARIN SPUTNİK VE VOA HABER AJANSLARINDAN ELEŞTİREL SÖYLEM ANALİZİ423.1.ELEŞTİREL SÖYLEM ANALİZİ423.1.1.Teun Van Dijk Eleştirel Söylem Analizi433.2.SPUTNIK VE VOA SÖYLEMİNDE SINIR ÖTESİ ASKERİ HAREKATLAR463.2.1.Sputnik Tarihçe463.2.2.VOA Tarihçe463.2.3.Sputnik ve VOA’nın Söyleminde Fırat Kalkanı Harekâtı473.2.4.Sputnik ve VOA’nın Söyleminde Zeytin Dalı Harekâtı523.2.5.Sputnik ve VOA’nın Söyleminde Barış Pınarı Harekâtı58SONUÇ65KAYNAKÇA69
ABSTRACTAfter the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring in 2011, some Middle East countries were dragged into civil war and a politically unstable period began in these countries. Syria, Turkey’s neighboring country with the longest border line, also got its share from these uprisings. The damages caused by the civil war in the region, Syrian citizens took refuge in Turkey, which caused the refugee problem. In addition, terrorist groups that emerged in the region by taking advantage of the civil war created a security weakness on the border line. Thereupon, Turkey carried out military operations across the Syrian border and aimed to clear the country’s border from terrorist organizations that were forming in that region. In this regard, it carried out ‘Operation Euphrates Shield’ in 2016, ‘Operation Olive Branch’ in 2018, ‘Operation Peace Spring’ in 2019 and ‘Operation Spring Shield’ in 2020.The chaos in the region has brought along political, economic, security, social and religious debates not only for Turkey but also for European and global states. The operations that were carried out have attracted attention in terms of Turkey and the world states. For this reason, this issue has not only occupied the Turkish media, but also attracted attention from the media organizations of the global powers in the region. Therefore, global powers such as Russia and the USA, which are already active in this region, have approached these operations of Turkey cautiously and have made news in the news agencies that representing them.In our study, a critical discourse analysis of Turkey's cross-border military operations has been conducted by Teun Van Dijk, one of the news agencies of Russia and the USA, Sputnik and VOA. Thus, the diplomatic relations and ideologies of the countries in the region have been revealed through their discourses.CONTENTSTHESIS APPROVAL CERTIFICATE iPREFACE iiSUMMARY iiiABSTRACT ivABBREVIATIONS viiINTRODUCTION 1CHAPTER ONE 5SYRIAN CIVIL WAR 51.1. OVERVIEW OF THE ARAB SPRING IN THE MIDDLE EAST 51.2. THE HISTORICAL PROCESS OF THE SYRIAN CIVIL WAR AFTER THE ARAB SPRING 71.2.1. Syria After Ottoman Domination 71.2.2. Syria After Independence 81.2.3. Socio-Economic Causes of the Civil War 101.2.4. Political Causes of the Civil War 111.2.5. Ethnic and Religious Causes of the Civil War 111.3. PARTIES AND TARGETS OF THE SYRIAN CIVIL WAR 121.3.1. Russia's Syria Policy 151.3.2. US Syria Policy 171.3.3. Turkey's Syria Policy 191.4. THE Assad Regime AFTER THE SYRIAN CIVIL WAR 22CHAPTER TWO 25TURKEY'S CROSS-BORDER MILITARY OPERATIONS AGAINST SYRIA 252.1. FIRAT SHIELD OPERATION 292.2. OLIVE BRANCH (AFRIN) OPERATION 322.3. OPERATION PEACE PINAR 352.4. OPERATION SPRING SHIELD 372.5. RUSSIA'S REACTION TO TURKEY'S CROSS-BORDER MILITARY OPERATIONS 392.6. US REACTION TO TURKEY'S CROSS-BORDER MILITARY OPERATIONS 40CHAPTER THREE 42CRITICAL DISCUSSION ANALYSIS OF CROSS-BORDER MILITARY OPERATIONS FROM SPUTNIK AND VOA NEWS AGENCIES 423.1. CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS 423.1.1. Teun Van Dijk Critical Discourse Analysis 433.2. CROSS-BORDER MILITARY OPERATIONS IN SPUTNIK AND VOA DISCOURSE 463.2.1. Sputnik History 463.2.2. VOA History 463.2.3. Operation Euphrates Shield in the Discourse of Sputnik and VOA 473.2.4. Operation Olive Branch in the Discourse of Sputnik and VOA 523.2.5. Operation Peace Spring in the Discourse of Sputnik and VOA 58RESULT 65REFERENCES 69
ABSTRACTAfter the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring in 2011, some Middle East countries were dragged into civil war and a politically unstable period began in these countries. Syria, Turkey’s neighboring country with the longest border line, also got its share from these uprisings. The damages caused by the civil war in the region, Syrian citizens took refuge in Turkey, which caused the refugee problem. In addition, terrorist groups that emerged in the region by taking advantage of the civil war created a security weakness on the border line. Thereupon, Turkey carried out military operations across the Syrian border and aimed to clear the country’s border from terrorist organizations that were forming in that region. In this regard, it carried out ‘Operation Euphrates Shield’ in 2016, ‘Operation Olive Branch’ in 2018, ‘Operation Peace Spring’ in 2019 and ‘Operation Spring Shield’ in 2020.The chaos in the region has brought along political, economic, security, social and religious debates not only for Turkey but also for European and global states. The operations that were carried out have attracted attention in terms of Turkey and the world states. For this reason, this issue has not only occupied the Turkish media, but also attracted attention from the media organizations of the global powers in the region. Therefore, global powers such as Russia and the USA, which are already active in this region, have approached these operations of Turkey cautiously and have made news in the news agencies that representing them.In our study, a critical discourse analysis of Turkey's cross-border military operations has been conducted by Teun Van Dijk, one of the news agencies of Russia and the USA, Sputnik and VOA. Thus, the diplomatic relations and ideologies of the countries in the region have been revealed through their discourses.CONTENTSTHESIS APPROVAL CERTIFICATE iPREFACE iiSUMMARY iiiABSTRACT ivABBREVIATIONS viiINTRODUCTION 1CHAPTER ONE 5SYRIAN CIVIL WAR 51.1. OVERVIEW OF THE ARAB SPRING IN THE MIDDLE EAST 51.2. THE HISTORICAL PROCESS OF THE SYRIAN CIVIL WAR AFTER THE ARAB SPRING 71.2.1. Syria After Ottoman Domination 71.2.2. Syria After Independence 81.2.3. Socio-Economic Causes of the Civil War 101.2.4. Political Causes of the Civil War 111.2.5. Ethnic and Religious Causes of the Civil War 111.3. PARTIES AND TARGETS OF THE SYRIAN CIVIL WAR 121.3.1. Russia's Syria Policy 151.3.2. US Syria Policy 171.3.3. Turkey's Syria Policy 191.4. THE Assad Regime AFTER THE SYRIAN CIVIL WAR 22CHAPTER TWO 25TURKEY'S CROSS-BORDER MILITARY OPERATIONS AGAINST SYRIA 252.1. FIRAT SHIELD OPERATION 292.2. OLIVE BRANCH (AFRIN) OPERATION 322.3. OPERATION PEACE PINAR 352.4. OPERATION SPRING SHIELD 372.5. RUSSIA'S REACTION TO TURKEY'S CROSS-BORDER MILITARY OPERATIONS 392.6. US REACTION TO TURKEY'S CROSS-BORDER MILITARY OPERATIONS 40CHAPTER THREE 42CRITICAL DISCUSSION ANALYSIS OF CROSS-BORDER MILITARY OPERATIONS FROM SPUTNIK AND VOA NEWS AGENCIES 423.1. CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS 423.1.1. Teun Van Dijk Critical Discourse Analysis 433.2. CROSS-BORDER MILITARY OPERATIONS IN SPUTNIK AND VOA DISCOURSE 463.2.1. Sputnik History 463.2.2. VOA History 463.2.3. Operation Euphrates Shield in the Discourse of Sputnik and VOA 473.2.4. Operation Olive Branch in the Discourse of Sputnik and VOA 523.2.5. Operation Peace Spring in the Discourse of Sputnik and VOA 58RESULT 65REFERENCES 69