Publication: Alabalık çiftliklerinin çeşitli faaliyet sonucu yarattıkları kirlilik yükünün dönemsel olarak incelenmesi
Abstract
ALABALIK ÇİFTLİKLERİNİN ÇEŞİTLİ FAALİYETLER SONUCU YARATTIKLARI KİRLİLİK YÜKÜNÜN DÖNEMSEL OLARAK İNCELENMESİ Bu çalışmada, Kırklareli Yene deresi üzerinde kurulan 2 alabalık çiftliğinden gelen atıksuyun niteliği ve dere üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada balık çiftliklerinde yapılan ortalama üretimi A çiftliğinde 25 ton/ yıl ve B çiftliğinde 29 ton/ yıl’dır. Genel olarak Yene Deresinde Debi min. 116,1 L/ sn (A İşletmesi) ile mak. 591 L/ sn (B İşletmesi) arasındadır. Kuru yem tüketimi A çiftliğinde 22 ton/ yıl, B çiftliğinde 40 ton/ yıl’dır. Çiftliklerden boşalan suyun etkisiyle, suyun fiziksel karakterindeki net değişim; Çözünmüş Oksijen konsantrasyonu 2,3 ile 10,5 mg/ L arasında; Sıcaklık 11,2 ile 17,3 0C arasında; pH 6,03 ile 8,7 arasında; İletkenlik 1000 ile 1090 µS/ cm arasında ve Oksidasyon Redüksiyon Potansiyeli 121 ile 328,2 mV arasındadır. Kimyasal karakterin net değişimi ise, Bikarbonat (HCO3-) değeri 15,32 ile 26,73 mg/ L arasında; Amonyak Azotu (NH3+-N) değeri 0,010 ile 0,215 ppm arasında; Kimyasal Oksijen İhtiyacı 3,92 ile 157,47 mg/ L arasında; Toplam Fosfat (PO43--P) 0,23 ile 1,96 ppm arasında ve Toplam Sertlik 9,50 ile 17,50 0F arasındır. Ayrıca 09.06.2006 tarihli örneklemede istasyonlar arasında Nitrit Azotu (NO2--N) 0,032 ile 0,045 ppm arasında Nitrat Azotu (NO3--N) 0,115 ile 0,214 ppm arasında bir değişim göstermiştir. A işletmesinden toplam 1,18349 ton/ yıl Azot (N), B işletmesinden toplam 2,1518 ton/ yıl Azot (N) ve her iki işletmeden Yene Deresine toplam 3,33529 ton/ yıl Azot (N) çevreye bırakılmaktadır. İşletmelerde yaklaşık 2 yıl süreli yapılan çalışmalarda elde edilen veriler değerlendirilmiştir. İşletmelerdeki istasyonlar ayrı ayrı ele alınmış ve havuzlara giren azot miktarı ile bulunan azot miktarı arasındaki değişim göz önüne alınarak yemlerin hangi oranlarda kullanılmadan direkt dereye verildiği tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Yine havuzlarda bulunan toplam balık kütlesi ile kimyasal veriler karşılaştırılmıştır. Tatlı sularda yapılan balık yetiştiriciliğinin yüksek debi sebebiyle çeşitli faaliyetler sonucu yaratılan kirlilik etkenlerini büyük oranda elemine ettiği görülmüştür. Kirlilik etmeni olarak birinci sırada yer alan yemlerin %90’ı balıklar tarafından tüketilmektedir. Tüketilmeden kalan yemler ve balıkların metabolik faaliyetlerinden kaynaklanan atıklar yüksek debi sayesinde birikim yapmamaktadır. Yalnızca yağmur suyunun getirdiği organik taşınımlar sebebiyle bazı parametrelerde aşırı yükselme görülmüştür. Dönemsel olarak gözle görülür bir kirlilik yaratmasa da uzun vadede suyun kalitesinde bir değişim olacağı da bir gerçektir. Çünkü havuz sularında yapılan ölçümlerde suyun yapısında değişiklik meydana getirecek etkiler sıkça görülmüştür. Çalışma sonunda işletmelerin kirlilik yükünün, derenin yüksek debisi sebebiyle su kalitesini dikkate değer ölçüde değiştirmediği; ancak dere suyunun kirlilik taşıma kapasitesinin aşılmaması için havuzlardaki anlık kirlenmenin kontrol altında tutulmasının önemli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Yetiştiriciliğin çevreye olan etkisini azaltmak için; hem işletmede hem de çevre için, suda istenen sürede kalabilen ve balıklar tarafından tamamen tüketilebilecek yem tipleri kullanılmalıdır. Yetiştirilen canlının optimum protein ve yağ oranları belirlenip, fosfor ve azotun alıcı ortama verilen yükü azaltılmalıdır. Havuz ve tanklarda yapılan yetiştiricilikte işletmeden çıkan atıksu arıtmaya tabii tutulmalıdır. Stoklama yoğunluğuna dikkat edilmelidir [28].
INVESTIGATION OF TROUT FARMS WHICH HAS BEEN CONSTITUTED POLLUTION THAT WAS RESULTED IN SOME ACTIVITIES IN A PERIOD OF TIME In this study, effluents from two rainbow trout (oncorhyncus mykiss) farms located in Yene streams in Kırklareli were characterized and their impact on the receiving streams was evaluated. Mean fish production in the studied fish farms were A farm 25 t and B farm 29 t of trout per year, respectively. The water was abstracted from Yene stream, at flow rates ranging from max. 116,1 L/ s (A farm) to mak. 591 L/ s (B farm). A dry feed consumption 22 t/ year for A farm and 40 t/ year for B farm. As the water flows through the farms, net variations in the physical characteristies were observed a mean reduction in the dissolved oxygen concentration between 2,3 and 10,5 mg/ L; between 11,2 and 17,3 0C for temperature; between 6,03 and 8,7 for pH; between 1000 and 1090 µS/ cm for electric conductivity and between 121 and 328,2 mV for Oxidation Reduction Potantiel (ORP). As for net variations in the chemical characteristies were observed a mean reduction in the total alkalinity between 15,32 and 26,73 mg HCO3-/ L; betwen 0,010 and 0,215 mg NH3+-N/ L for ammoniac nitrogen; between 0,23 and 1,96 mg PO43--P / L for total phosphorus; between 3,92 and 157,47 mg/ L for chemical oxygen dissolve (COD) and between 9,50 and 17,50 0F for total hardness. Also, between 0,032 and 0,045 mg NO2—N/ L for Nitrit and between 0,115 and 0,214 mg NO3—N/ L for Nitrate. Concentration profiles fort he most parameters show the impact of the effluent discharges on the physico-chemical Yene Stream quality from the trout farms. Total nitrogen (N), 1,18349 t/ year from A farm; 2,1518 t/ year from B farm and total nitrogen 3,33529 t/ year effluents from two rainbow trout in Yene streams in Kırklareli. Negative effects of aquaculture could be reduced by using quality feeds and high energy feeds, using optimum tables, quality farm management. It’s studied veries that obtaining by researches in the firms lasted about two years. İn this researches the station in the firm are studied one by one, and tryed to ascertain giving the feeds into ponds directly not using in which proportions, by paying attention to change between adding and current quantity of nitrogen in the artificial ponds. It’s also compared chemical veries with total moss of fish in the ponds. It seens that the fishing in the soft waters because of high flows, is doig away with pollution factors is serious proportion which being after different activities. % 90 of feeds that first factors of pollution are consumed by fishes. The feeds not consuming and remainings of fishes metabolism activities aren’t accumulating because of high flows. It’s true being change quality of water in long term isn’t being pollution clearly in periodical. Because in the measuring doing in the pond waters is frequently seen reactions that causing change the strusture of water. For decreasing the effect of fishing to environment, should be used the feed kits which can resist in the water in desired time and be consumed completely by fishes. The border of nitrogen and phosphorus to receiver surrounding should be lowered by determining the optimum protein and fat proportions of fish. In the pond and tank fishing, remaining waters should be purified. It should be paid attention to the density of stocking.
INVESTIGATION OF TROUT FARMS WHICH HAS BEEN CONSTITUTED POLLUTION THAT WAS RESULTED IN SOME ACTIVITIES IN A PERIOD OF TIME In this study, effluents from two rainbow trout (oncorhyncus mykiss) farms located in Yene streams in Kırklareli were characterized and their impact on the receiving streams was evaluated. Mean fish production in the studied fish farms were A farm 25 t and B farm 29 t of trout per year, respectively. The water was abstracted from Yene stream, at flow rates ranging from max. 116,1 L/ s (A farm) to mak. 591 L/ s (B farm). A dry feed consumption 22 t/ year for A farm and 40 t/ year for B farm. As the water flows through the farms, net variations in the physical characteristies were observed a mean reduction in the dissolved oxygen concentration between 2,3 and 10,5 mg/ L; between 11,2 and 17,3 0C for temperature; between 6,03 and 8,7 for pH; between 1000 and 1090 µS/ cm for electric conductivity and between 121 and 328,2 mV for Oxidation Reduction Potantiel (ORP). As for net variations in the chemical characteristies were observed a mean reduction in the total alkalinity between 15,32 and 26,73 mg HCO3-/ L; betwen 0,010 and 0,215 mg NH3+-N/ L for ammoniac nitrogen; between 0,23 and 1,96 mg PO43--P / L for total phosphorus; between 3,92 and 157,47 mg/ L for chemical oxygen dissolve (COD) and between 9,50 and 17,50 0F for total hardness. Also, between 0,032 and 0,045 mg NO2—N/ L for Nitrit and between 0,115 and 0,214 mg NO3—N/ L for Nitrate. Concentration profiles fort he most parameters show the impact of the effluent discharges on the physico-chemical Yene Stream quality from the trout farms. Total nitrogen (N), 1,18349 t/ year from A farm; 2,1518 t/ year from B farm and total nitrogen 3,33529 t/ year effluents from two rainbow trout in Yene streams in Kırklareli. Negative effects of aquaculture could be reduced by using quality feeds and high energy feeds, using optimum tables, quality farm management. It’s studied veries that obtaining by researches in the firms lasted about two years. İn this researches the station in the firm are studied one by one, and tryed to ascertain giving the feeds into ponds directly not using in which proportions, by paying attention to change between adding and current quantity of nitrogen in the artificial ponds. It’s also compared chemical veries with total moss of fish in the ponds. It seens that the fishing in the soft waters because of high flows, is doig away with pollution factors is serious proportion which being after different activities. % 90 of feeds that first factors of pollution are consumed by fishes. The feeds not consuming and remainings of fishes metabolism activities aren’t accumulating because of high flows. It’s true being change quality of water in long term isn’t being pollution clearly in periodical. Because in the measuring doing in the pond waters is frequently seen reactions that causing change the strusture of water. For decreasing the effect of fishing to environment, should be used the feed kits which can resist in the water in desired time and be consumed completely by fishes. The border of nitrogen and phosphorus to receiver surrounding should be lowered by determining the optimum protein and fat proportions of fish. In the pond and tank fishing, remaining waters should be purified. It should be paid attention to the density of stocking.