Publication: İslam hukukunda iyiniyetin korunması
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın temel araştırma konusu İslam hukuku açısından “hukuki eksikliğe ilişkin bilgisizlik” olgusudur. Bu olgu medeni hukuktaki “iyiniyet” terimi ile menfaatler çatışması ve hukuki görünüşe güven gibi ilgili kavram ve kurumlar çerçevesinde analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Hukuki eksikliğe ilişkin bilgisizlik, kişinin hukuk kurallarını veya başkasına ait bir hakkı ihlal etmeyi kastetmediğini gösterir. Fıkıh literatüründe pek çok meselede bu yaklaşımın izlerini görmek mümkündür. Bunun yanı sıra fıkıh âlimleri genel olarak hukuki eksikliğe ilişkin bilgisizliği, zâhire itimad edilmesi veya zilyedlik ya da karşı tarafın beyanı gibi bir takım harici işaretlere, karinelere ve alametlere güvenilmesi bağlamında ele almaktadır. Bu çalışmada iyiniyet kavramı İslam hukuku açısından temellendirilmeye ve iyiniyetin korunması meselesine dair fikrî arkaplan tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Hanefi mezhebi merkezli olmak üzere İslam hukukunda iyiniyetin korunduğu temel bazı meseleler tespit edilerek bu meselelerdeki iyiniyet hükümleri nispeten detaylı bir şekilde tahlil edilmiştir. İyiniyetin korunması, genel bir ifade ile temel ilke ve kurallara nispetle istisnai bir özellik arz ettiği için belli başlı iyiniyet meselelerini ele alarak iyiniyetin korunduğu hükümleri belirlemek ve ilgili kavramsal örgü etrafında bu mesele ve hükümleri tahlil etmek İslam hukukunda iyiniyetin korunmasına dair temel yaklaşımı ortaya koymak anlamına gelmektedir.
The main research subject of this study is the phenomenon of “ignorance regarding legal deficiency” in terms of Islamic law. This phenomenon has been tried to be analyzed within the framework of the term “good faith” in civil law and related concepts and institutions such as conflict of interests and trust in legal appearance. Ignorance of legal deficiency indicates that the person does not mean to violate the rules of law or a right that belongs to someone else. It is possible to see the traces of this approach in many issues in the fiqh literature. In addition, scholars of fiqh generally consider ignorance of legal deficiency in the context of relying on outward reliance or relying on external signs, presumptions and portents such as possession or the declaration of the other party. In this study, the concept of good faith has been tried to be grounded in terms of Islamic law and the intellectual background on the issue of protection of good faith has been tried to be determined. Afterwards, some of the main issues that protect good faith in Islamic law, centered on the Hanafi school of law, were determined and the provisions of good faith in these issues were analyzed in a relatively detailed way. Since the protection of good faith, in general terms, has an exceptional feature compared to the basic principles and rules, it means to determine the provisions that protect good faith by addressing certain good faith issues and to analyze these issues and provisions around the relevant conceptual framework, to reveal the basic approach to the protection of good faith in Islamic law.
The main research subject of this study is the phenomenon of “ignorance regarding legal deficiency” in terms of Islamic law. This phenomenon has been tried to be analyzed within the framework of the term “good faith” in civil law and related concepts and institutions such as conflict of interests and trust in legal appearance. Ignorance of legal deficiency indicates that the person does not mean to violate the rules of law or a right that belongs to someone else. It is possible to see the traces of this approach in many issues in the fiqh literature. In addition, scholars of fiqh generally consider ignorance of legal deficiency in the context of relying on outward reliance or relying on external signs, presumptions and portents such as possession or the declaration of the other party. In this study, the concept of good faith has been tried to be grounded in terms of Islamic law and the intellectual background on the issue of protection of good faith has been tried to be determined. Afterwards, some of the main issues that protect good faith in Islamic law, centered on the Hanafi school of law, were determined and the provisions of good faith in these issues were analyzed in a relatively detailed way. Since the protection of good faith, in general terms, has an exceptional feature compared to the basic principles and rules, it means to determine the provisions that protect good faith by addressing certain good faith issues and to analyze these issues and provisions around the relevant conceptual framework, to reveal the basic approach to the protection of good faith in Islamic law.