Publication: Hanefî usûl düşüncesinde neshi tespit yolları
Abstract
Bu çalışma Hanefî usûl düşüncesinde neshi tespit yollarını cumhurla mukayeseli olarak ele almakta ve örneklerle desteklemektedir. Ayrıca, Hanefilerin mütekaddim ve müteahhir dönemini dikkate alarak Hanefî mezhebinde neshi tespit yollarına dair genel bir portre çizmektedir. Hanefîlerin çoğunluğu tarafından kabul gören neshi tespit yolları şunlardır: Kur’an ve sünnet, icmâ, sahabe beyânı, tarihlerin bilinmesi, tarihler bilinmediği zaman asılların delâleti ve râvinin rivâyetine muhâlefeti. Hanefîlerin, neshin tespitinde cumhura kıyasla daha geniş bir usûl benimsedikleri görülmektedir. Tarihler bilinmediğinde asıllara dayanarak neshi tespit ve ravinin rivayetine muhalefeti, cumhur tarafından neshi tespit yolları arasında sayılmadığı halde Hanefî usûlcüler tarafından neshi tespit yolları arasında zikredilmiştir. Ayrıca Hanefîler, sahabeden gelen nesih haberlerini daha fazla kabul etmektedir. Hanefîlerin neshin tespiti konusundaki bu yaklaşımlarının temel sebeplerinden bazıları şunlardır: a) Hanefîlerin genel nesih teorisi, cumhura kıyasla neshe daha geniş bir alan tanımaktadır. b) Hanefîlere göre sahabe kavli hüccettir ve neshin tespiti konusunda da bu otoriteyi korumuştur. c) Hanefîler, cumhurun tercih yolları arasında saydığı bazı yöntemleri neshin alanına dahil etmiştir.
This study discusses Hanafis' methods of identifying abrogation (Naskh) along with examples comprehensively while comparing it with the majority. It also draws a general portrait of the ways of identifying abrogation in the Hanafi sect, taking into account the early and later periods of the Hanafis. According to the majority of the Hanafis, the methods of identifying abrogation (Naskh) are as follows: Quran and sunnah, Ijma', statement of the companions, information about the dates, the dalalah of the al-Usûl (the guidance of the al-Usûl) when the dates are not known and the narrator's opposition to the narration. It is seen that Hanafis have adopted a wider method in identifying abrogation compared to the majority. When the dates are not known, identifying abrogation based on the originals and the narrator's opposition to her/ his narrative are mentioned among the ways of identifying abrogation by Hanafi scholars, although they are not considered among the ways of identifying abrogation by the majority. In addition, Hanafis are more accepting of the naskh news coming from the companions. Some of the main reasons for this approach of Hanafis in identifying abrogation are as follows: a) The general theory of abrogation of Hanafis which allows a wider area for abrogation compared to the majority. b) According to Hanafis, companions’ view is proof and they have preserved this authority in identifying abrogation. c) Hanafis have included some of the methods that are considered among the preferred ways of the majority within the scope of abrogation.
This study discusses Hanafis' methods of identifying abrogation (Naskh) along with examples comprehensively while comparing it with the majority. It also draws a general portrait of the ways of identifying abrogation in the Hanafi sect, taking into account the early and later periods of the Hanafis. According to the majority of the Hanafis, the methods of identifying abrogation (Naskh) are as follows: Quran and sunnah, Ijma', statement of the companions, information about the dates, the dalalah of the al-Usûl (the guidance of the al-Usûl) when the dates are not known and the narrator's opposition to the narration. It is seen that Hanafis have adopted a wider method in identifying abrogation compared to the majority. When the dates are not known, identifying abrogation based on the originals and the narrator's opposition to her/ his narrative are mentioned among the ways of identifying abrogation by Hanafi scholars, although they are not considered among the ways of identifying abrogation by the majority. In addition, Hanafis are more accepting of the naskh news coming from the companions. Some of the main reasons for this approach of Hanafis in identifying abrogation are as follows: a) The general theory of abrogation of Hanafis which allows a wider area for abrogation compared to the majority. b) According to Hanafis, companions’ view is proof and they have preserved this authority in identifying abrogation. c) Hanafis have included some of the methods that are considered among the preferred ways of the majority within the scope of abrogation.