Publication: Türkiye'de terörle mücadelenin biyopolitikası ve mediko-politik metaforlar (1973-1991)
Abstract
Metaforlar belirli bir bilgi alanını başka bir bilgi alanından gelen kavramlar yoluyladüzenleyen veya inşa eden ifadelerdir. Buna göre, metaforlar bahsedilen alanı sadecebasitleştirmekle kalmazlar, aynı zamanda inşa ederler. Özellikle belirli bir fenomenin güvenliknesnesi haline getirilmesi sürecinde çeşitli organik ifadelerin toplumu ve sorunu tanımlayacakşekilde kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Toplumun bir beden, sorunun bir hastalık ve soruna çeşitliçözümler geliştiren uzmanların doktorlar olarak konumlandırıldığı metaforik düzlemdekiifadeler mediko-politik metaforlar olarak tanımlanacaktır. Bu tez çalışması, Türkiye’deterörizmin bir sorun olarak inşa edildiği ve güvenlik nesnesi olarak ele alınmaya başlandığı1973 ile 1991 yılları arasında kullanılan mediko-politik metaforları analiz etmektedir. Buçerçevede, üç araştırma sorusuna cevap aranmaktadır: 1) 1973 ile 12 Eylül 1980 AskeriDarbesi arasındaki süreçte terörizm nasıl bir sorun olarak inşa edilmiştir? 2) 1980 ile TerörleMücadele Kanunu’nun kabul edildiği 1991 yılları arasında terörist özne ve terörle mücadelepratikleri nasıl tanımlandı? 3) Bu iki dönem içerisinde hangi mediko-politik metaforlarkullanıldı ve terörizm toplumsal bedene bir tehdit olarak nasıl inşa edildi? Bu sorularıcevaplamak için eleştirel söylem analizi kullanılarak TBMM Tutanaklarından faydalanıldı.Böylece, terörizm kavramı çerçevesinde yürütülen iktidar mücadeleleri ortaya konularak1970’lerde farklı tarihsel blokların temsil ettiği terörizm anlatılarının kendi hegemonikprojelerinde nasıl kullanıldığı ve 12 Eylül 1980 Askeri Darbesi ile beraber ise terörizmiikavramının belirli güvenlik pratiklerini harekete geçirmede ve belirli toplumsal gruplarıanormalleştirmede nasıl ifade edildiği analiz edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, mediko-politikmetaforların bu tarihsel süreç içerisinde terörist özneyi anormalleştirme, terörizmidışsallaştırma ve terörle mücadeleyi siyasetsizleştirme boyutları değerlendirilmiştir.
Metaphors are expressions that organize or construct a particular field of knowledge throughconcepts from another field of knowledge. Accordingly, metaphors not only simplify but ratherconstruct the target field. In the process of making a particular phenomenon an object ofsecurity, it can be observed that various organic expressions are used to define the society andthe related problem. Expressions that connote and construct a society as a body, a problem asa disease and the experts who are authorized to develop some solutions to the problem asdoctors will be defined as medico-political metaphor. This dissertation analyzes the medicopolitical metaphors used between 1973 and 1991, when terrorism was constructed as a problemand started to be considered as an object of security in Turkey. In this framework, answers arepursued for three research questions: 1) How was terrorism constructed as a problem in theperiod between 1973 and the September 12, 1980 Military Coup? 2) How were the terroristsubject and counter-terrorism practices defined between 1980 and 1991, the year when theAnti-Terrorism Law was adopted? 3) Which medico-political metaphors were used in these twoperiods and how was terrorism constructed as an organic threat to the social body? To answerthese questions, the Parliamentary Minutes were analyzed by using critical discourse analysis.Thus, by revealing the power struggles carried out within the framework of the concept ofterrorism, it was analyzed how the narratives on terrorism represented by different historicalblocs were used in their hegemonic projects in the 1970s and then how the concept of terrorismwas expressed to mobilize certain security practices and to abnormalize certain social groupsafter the Military Coup of 12 September 1980. In this context, the dimensions of medicoivpolitical metaphors in this historical process of abnormalizing the terrorist subject,externalizing terrorism and depoliticizing the fight against terrorism were evaluated.
Metaphors are expressions that organize or construct a particular field of knowledge throughconcepts from another field of knowledge. Accordingly, metaphors not only simplify but ratherconstruct the target field. In the process of making a particular phenomenon an object ofsecurity, it can be observed that various organic expressions are used to define the society andthe related problem. Expressions that connote and construct a society as a body, a problem asa disease and the experts who are authorized to develop some solutions to the problem asdoctors will be defined as medico-political metaphor. This dissertation analyzes the medicopolitical metaphors used between 1973 and 1991, when terrorism was constructed as a problemand started to be considered as an object of security in Turkey. In this framework, answers arepursued for three research questions: 1) How was terrorism constructed as a problem in theperiod between 1973 and the September 12, 1980 Military Coup? 2) How were the terroristsubject and counter-terrorism practices defined between 1980 and 1991, the year when theAnti-Terrorism Law was adopted? 3) Which medico-political metaphors were used in these twoperiods and how was terrorism constructed as an organic threat to the social body? To answerthese questions, the Parliamentary Minutes were analyzed by using critical discourse analysis.Thus, by revealing the power struggles carried out within the framework of the concept ofterrorism, it was analyzed how the narratives on terrorism represented by different historicalblocs were used in their hegemonic projects in the 1970s and then how the concept of terrorismwas expressed to mobilize certain security practices and to abnormalize certain social groupsafter the Military Coup of 12 September 1980. In this context, the dimensions of medicoivpolitical metaphors in this historical process of abnormalizing the terrorist subject,externalizing terrorism and depoliticizing the fight against terrorism were evaluated.