Publication: Challenges and readiness of Turkey for industry 4.0 : an emprical study
Abstract
Endüstri 4.0, son dönemde ülke gündemimizi sıklıkla işgal eden konuların başındadır. Konsept 2011‘de düzenlenen Almanya 'daki Hannover Fuarı‘nda ilk olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu süreç, müşterilerin taleplerine uygun olarak üretimi şekillendirmek ve esnek olmak için dönüşümleri içermektedir. Küresel rekabetin arttığı dünyayaa uyum sağlayabilmek için müşteri taleplerini zamanında, düşük maliyet ve yüksek kalite ile karşılaşmak gerekmektedir. Bunun için, üretim süreçlerinin otomasyonunu sağlamak ve bu otomasyon sırasında çeşitli birimlerin birbirleriyle iletişim kurması sağlanmalıdır. Böylece, insanlara olan bağlılık azaltılacak ve insan kaynaklı hatalar minimize edilecektir. Bu şekilde, kalite ve kusursuz üretim ön plana çıkana kadar maliyetleri azaltılacak. Tüm bu gereklilikler incelendiğinde, Türkiye 'de Endüstri 4.0 geçişi, zamana bağlı olarak nispeten yavaştır. Türkiye‘nin bu yükselen trendi yakalaması ve rekabet gücünü arttırabilmesi için öncelikle farkındalığını arttırarak geçiş çalışmalarına hız vermesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle Türkiye‘de bulunan Endüstri 4.0 farkındalığı için model oluşturularak anket methodu yardımıyla belirlenmeye çalışılmış olup sonrasında temel olarak Endüstri 4.0 ‗ın Türkiye‘deki geçiş zorluklarına değinilmiştir.Anketin oluşturulması için yapılmış olan literatür çalışmasının sonuçları baz alınarak model geliştirilmiştir ve anket soruları model bileşenlerine göre gruplandırılmıştır. Anket uygulaması sonrasında çoktan seçmeli sorulardan elde edilen verilere R ve SPSS programlarından yararlanılarak faktör analizi, korelasyon, kikare ve t testleri uygulanmıştır. Anket içerisinde yer alan açık uçlu sorulara verilen yanıtlar belirlenen yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Analizlerden elde edilen sonuçlara göre Türkiye‘de Endüstri 4.0 kavramına ait yüksek bir farkındalığın ve ilginin olduğu ancak yeterli bilgi olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Endüstri 4.0 geçişi için duyulan kaygıların eğitim, devlet desteği gibi temel konulardaki geliştirmeler ile aşılabileceğinin düşünüldüğü ortaya koyulmuştur
The industry has been at the beginning of the issues that frequently occupy our country agenda in the last period of 4.0. The concept was first used at the Hannover Fair in Germany, which was held in 2011 years. This process has raised the way that it is desirable to shape and flex the production in line with demands from customers. To be able to remove the increasing competition in the economically globalized world and to make the customer's demands must be answered in time. For this, it is included in this process (Industry 4.0) to provide automation of production processes and to enable various units to communicate with each other during this automation. Thus, the commitment to human beings will be reduced and people-borne errors will be minimized. In this way, the costs will be reduced while the quality and flawless production will come to the fore. Therefore, thanks to the innovations that will take place in this context, the transition to industry 4.0 in Turkey is relatively slow depending on time. This issue is addressed with the idea of providing the appropriate environment within the years in Turkey and talking about the difficulties encountered and addressing these problems and difficulties. In order to Turkey capture this rising trend and increase its competitiveness, it is necessary to accelerate its transition efforts by increasing its awareness first. In this study, firstly, the model for the awareness of Industry 4.0 in Turkey has been tried to be determined with the help of questionnaire method and then the basic transition difficulties of industry 4.0 are mentioned in Turkey.Based on the results of the literature study for the creation of the questionnaire, the model was developed and the survey questions were grouped according to the model components. Factor analysis, correlation, square and t tests were applied using R and SPSS programs to the data obtained from multiple choice questions after the survey application. The answers to the open-ended questions in the questionnaire were analyzed with the help of specified According to the results obtained from the analysis, it was determined that there was a high awareness and interest in the concept of Industry 4.0 in Turkey, but not enough information. It has been found that the concerns for the transition to Industry 4.0 can be overcome with improvements in key issues such as education and government support.
The industry has been at the beginning of the issues that frequently occupy our country agenda in the last period of 4.0. The concept was first used at the Hannover Fair in Germany, which was held in 2011 years. This process has raised the way that it is desirable to shape and flex the production in line with demands from customers. To be able to remove the increasing competition in the economically globalized world and to make the customer's demands must be answered in time. For this, it is included in this process (Industry 4.0) to provide automation of production processes and to enable various units to communicate with each other during this automation. Thus, the commitment to human beings will be reduced and people-borne errors will be minimized. In this way, the costs will be reduced while the quality and flawless production will come to the fore. Therefore, thanks to the innovations that will take place in this context, the transition to industry 4.0 in Turkey is relatively slow depending on time. This issue is addressed with the idea of providing the appropriate environment within the years in Turkey and talking about the difficulties encountered and addressing these problems and difficulties. In order to Turkey capture this rising trend and increase its competitiveness, it is necessary to accelerate its transition efforts by increasing its awareness first. In this study, firstly, the model for the awareness of Industry 4.0 in Turkey has been tried to be determined with the help of questionnaire method and then the basic transition difficulties of industry 4.0 are mentioned in Turkey.Based on the results of the literature study for the creation of the questionnaire, the model was developed and the survey questions were grouped according to the model components. Factor analysis, correlation, square and t tests were applied using R and SPSS programs to the data obtained from multiple choice questions after the survey application. The answers to the open-ended questions in the questionnaire were analyzed with the help of specified According to the results obtained from the analysis, it was determined that there was a high awareness and interest in the concept of Industry 4.0 in Turkey, but not enough information. It has been found that the concerns for the transition to Industry 4.0 can be overcome with improvements in key issues such as education and government support.