Publication: Maturidi’nin düşünce sisteminde şer-hikmet ilişkisi
Abstract
kmet, İyi, Kötü, Kâinat, Yaratılış ÖZET MÂTÜRÎDÎ’NİN DÜŞÜNCE SİSTEMİNDE ŞER-HİKMET İLİŞKİSİ Kötülük problemi tarih boyunca insanların zihnini meşgul eden önemli konulardan biridir. İrade, kudret ve rahmet sahibi olan Yüce Allah'ın içinde kötülükler bulunan bir dünyayı yaratma sebepleri sorgulanmış, evrende kötülüğün varlığı, yaratıcının inkârını gerektiren bir problem haline dönüştürülmüştür. İslâm ilâhiyatında şer konusunu temellendiren önemli düşünürlerden biri olan Mâtürîdî, problemi çok farklı bir boyutta ele almıştır. Onun düşünce sisteminde şer, yaratıcının yokluğunu değil, varlığını pekiştiren bir mahiyet kazanmıştır. Mâtürîdî'nin düşüncesinde şer ve hikmet konusu incelenirken zararlı, çirkin ve kötü olan şeylerin yaratılma sebepleri, günah işleme ve küfür, kaînatın yaratılış amacı ve bu amaç içinde şerlerin nereye oturduğu, evrende ne oranda kötülük bulunduğu, şerlerin olmadığı bir evrenin düşünülüp düşünülemeyeceği, hayır ve şerrin kaynağı, iyi ve kötünün mutlak mı yoksa izafî değerler mi olduğu, ilahî takdir ile hidayet ve dalâlet konularının adalet ve sorumluluk ilkeleriyle nasıl uzlaştırılabildiği gibi sorulara cevap aranmıştır. Mâtürîdî kötülük probleminin Allah'ın kullarına muamelesinden kaynaklanan bir var oluş sorunu değil, kulların algılama şeklinde kaynaklanan var oluşu anlamlandırma sorunu olduğunun altını çizmiştir. Şerrin hikmeti konusunda tatminkâr fikirler üreten müellif, hayatın beraberinde getirdiği fizikî âfetler ile ahlâkî sıkıntıları ilâhî hikmetin bir yansıması olarak kabul etmeyi ve hayata pozitif bakmayı öğütlemiştir. Böylelikle zorlukların üstesinden gelmek için bireysel bakış açısı ve toplumsal dayanışmanın önemi ortaya çıkmıştır.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EVIL AND WISDOM IN THE THOUGHT SYSTEM OF MATURIDI The problem of evil is one of the important subjects that has occupied the human mind throughout history. The reasons of creating a world with evil in it by Allah, the Most High, who has willpower, power, compassion and mercy has been questioned. The presence of evil in the universe has been transformed into a problem that requires the denial of the creator. Maturidi, one of the important thinkers who has laid the foundation of the subject of evil in Islamic theology, has handled the problem in a very different dimension. In his system of thought evil has gained a property that emphasizes the presence of the creator, not His absence. While studying the subject of evil and wisdom in Maturidi's thought some answers have been searched to questions such as the reasons of creation of harmful, ugly and bad things, committing sin and denial of Allah, the purpose of the creation of the universe and where evils fall in this purpose, what amount of badness exists in the universe, whether one can think of a universe without evils, the source of absolute good and evil, whether good and bad are absolute or relative values, how concensus on divine dispensation, the right way and going astray can be reached using principles of justice and responsibility. Maturidi has underlined that the problem of evil is not a problem of existence resulting from that treatment of His subjects by Allah, but a problem of searching for a meaning of existence resulting from the way His subjects perceive it. Maturidi, who has produced satisfactory ideas on the wisdom of evil has advised us to accept the physical disasters and moral and ethical worries that life brings with it as a reflection of divine wisdom; and to have a positive look on life. In this way, the importance of individual perspection and social solidarity has come out in order to cope with difficulties.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EVIL AND WISDOM IN THE THOUGHT SYSTEM OF MATURIDI The problem of evil is one of the important subjects that has occupied the human mind throughout history. The reasons of creating a world with evil in it by Allah, the Most High, who has willpower, power, compassion and mercy has been questioned. The presence of evil in the universe has been transformed into a problem that requires the denial of the creator. Maturidi, one of the important thinkers who has laid the foundation of the subject of evil in Islamic theology, has handled the problem in a very different dimension. In his system of thought evil has gained a property that emphasizes the presence of the creator, not His absence. While studying the subject of evil and wisdom in Maturidi's thought some answers have been searched to questions such as the reasons of creation of harmful, ugly and bad things, committing sin and denial of Allah, the purpose of the creation of the universe and where evils fall in this purpose, what amount of badness exists in the universe, whether one can think of a universe without evils, the source of absolute good and evil, whether good and bad are absolute or relative values, how concensus on divine dispensation, the right way and going astray can be reached using principles of justice and responsibility. Maturidi has underlined that the problem of evil is not a problem of existence resulting from that treatment of His subjects by Allah, but a problem of searching for a meaning of existence resulting from the way His subjects perceive it. Maturidi, who has produced satisfactory ideas on the wisdom of evil has advised us to accept the physical disasters and moral and ethical worries that life brings with it as a reflection of divine wisdom; and to have a positive look on life. In this way, the importance of individual perspection and social solidarity has come out in order to cope with difficulties.