Publication: 19. yüzyılda bir padişah kızının portresi : Fatma Sultan (1840-1884)
Abstract
Bu araştırmada, 19. Yüzyılda Osmanlı hanedan ailesindeki kadınların durumu hakkında bir örnek olarak Fatma Sultan’ın biyografisi ele alınmaktadır. Fatma Sultan, Tanzimat döneminin henüz başlarında, 1840’ta Sultan Abdülmecid’in kızı olarak doğdu. Osman-lı’nın modernleşme ve ıslahat devirleri olan mühim bir dönemde yetişti. Padişahın en büyük kızı olarak, babasının saltanatında imtiyazlı ve muteber bir konumdaydı. Sultane-fendi iki defa evlendi. İlk izdivacı, henüz 14 yaşındayken, meşhur Osmanlı Sadrazamı Mustafa Reşid Paşa’nın oğlu Ali Galib Paşa ile gerçekleşti. Bu durum, hem iç kamuoyu nezdinde hem de yabancıların bakış açısında siyasi bir evlilik şeklinde algılandı. Bu evli-lik ne Fatma Sultan ne de Ali Galib Paşa için mutlu bir netice vermedi. Çiftin 1855’te bir kızları dünyaya geldiyse de çok kısa sürede hayatını kaybetti. 1858’de ise Ali Galib Paşa ani ve talihsiz bir kaza sonucu Boğaz’da boğularak hayata veda etti. Bunun üzerine Fat-ma Sultan, kurenadan Mehmed Nuri Bey ile yeni bir evlilik yaptı. Bu ikinci evlilikten bir kız bir erkek olmak üzere iki çocukları olduysa da onları da birkaç yıl sonra 1860’ların başlarında kaybettiler. Böylece bu evlilik de pek iyi sonuçlar doğurmadı. Fatma Sul-tan’ın ikinci eşi Nuri Paşa, Sultan II. Abdülhamid tarafından teşekkül ettirilen Yıldız Mahkemesi’nde yargılanarak Sultan Abdülaziz’in ölümüyle ilişkisi bulunduğu gerekçe-siyle 1881’de idam cezasına çarptırıldı. Cezası müebbet hapse çevrildi ve diğer mahkûmlarla beraber Taif’e sürgün edildi. Fatma Sultan ise bütün bunlara karşılık haya-tının son yıllarını Baltalimanı’ndaki sarayında mahzun ve umutsuz bir vaziyette geçirdi. 1884’te orada hayata veda etti.
This study presents a biography of Fatma Sultana as an example on the condition of female of the Ottoman Imperial Family in the 19th century. Fatma Sultana was born in 1840, the early period of the Tanzimat era, as a daughter of Sultan Abdulmedjid. She grew up in the critical era of the Ottoman modernization and reform period. As the el-dest daughter of the sultan, she had a privileged and special condition in her father’s reign. Fatma Sultana was married twice. Her first marriage was when she was just 14 years old, with Ali Ghalib Pasha, son of the well-known Ottoman Grand-Vizier Mus-tapha Reshid Pasha. This was perceived as a political marriage, both by the domestic public and foreigners. This marriage did not lead to happiness either for Fatma Sultana nor for Ali Ghalib Pasha. The couple had a daughter in 1855 but the child just passed away in short time. Ali Ghalib Pasha also died in 1858 in an unexpected drowning inci-dent in Bosphorus. Thereupon the sultana was married again with Mehmed Nuri Pasha, a courtier of Sultan Abdulmedjid. While she had two children in this second marriage, these children also passed away after a few years in the early 1860s. Thus, this marriage also failed to bring about very positive results. Fatma Sultana’s second husband Nuri Pasha was put on trial by the Yildiz Court during the reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II and sentenced to death in 1881 due to allegations related to the death of Sultan Abdulaziz. His sentence was commuted to life imprisonment and the pasha was exiled to Taif with other convicts. After all of this, Fatma Sultana spent her last years in Baltaliman Palace under desperate and unhappy circumstances. It was there that she passed away in 1884.
This study presents a biography of Fatma Sultana as an example on the condition of female of the Ottoman Imperial Family in the 19th century. Fatma Sultana was born in 1840, the early period of the Tanzimat era, as a daughter of Sultan Abdulmedjid. She grew up in the critical era of the Ottoman modernization and reform period. As the el-dest daughter of the sultan, she had a privileged and special condition in her father’s reign. Fatma Sultana was married twice. Her first marriage was when she was just 14 years old, with Ali Ghalib Pasha, son of the well-known Ottoman Grand-Vizier Mus-tapha Reshid Pasha. This was perceived as a political marriage, both by the domestic public and foreigners. This marriage did not lead to happiness either for Fatma Sultana nor for Ali Ghalib Pasha. The couple had a daughter in 1855 but the child just passed away in short time. Ali Ghalib Pasha also died in 1858 in an unexpected drowning inci-dent in Bosphorus. Thereupon the sultana was married again with Mehmed Nuri Pasha, a courtier of Sultan Abdulmedjid. While she had two children in this second marriage, these children also passed away after a few years in the early 1860s. Thus, this marriage also failed to bring about very positive results. Fatma Sultana’s second husband Nuri Pasha was put on trial by the Yildiz Court during the reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II and sentenced to death in 1881 due to allegations related to the death of Sultan Abdulaziz. His sentence was commuted to life imprisonment and the pasha was exiled to Taif with other convicts. After all of this, Fatma Sultana spent her last years in Baltaliman Palace under desperate and unhappy circumstances. It was there that she passed away in 1884.
Description
Keywords
Ali Galib Paşa, Ali Ghalib Pasha, Daughter of The Ottoman Sultans, Fatma Sultan, Fatma Sultana, History, Meh-med Nuri Pasha, Mehmed Nuri Paşa, Mustafa Reşid Paşa, Mustapha Reshid Pasha, Osmanlı Hanedan Ailesi, Osmanlı Padişahlarının Kızları, Ottoman Imperial Fa-mily, Sultan Abdulmedjid, Sultan Abdülmecid, Tanzimat, Tarih, Turkey, Türkiye
