Publication: H. Bergson’un din ve ahlak felsefesi
Abstract
H.Bergson’un din ve ahlak felsefesini tespit etmek için hazırladığımız bu tez giriş iki ana bölüm ve bir sonuç bölümünden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünde Bergson!un hayatı ve eserlerini ele aldık. İkinci olarak dönemin fikri durumun inceledik ve Bergson felsefesinin ne gibi bir ortamda oluştuğunu çeşitli yönleriyle ele aldık. Üçünde olarak ise Bergson üzerinde etkili olan bazı düşünürlerden bahsettik ve aralarındaki olumlu olumsuz etkileşimlere değindik. Daha sonra da Bergson felsefesini genel hatlaıyla tespit etmeye çalıştık. Bu anlamda onun süre, hayat hamlesi, sezgi, şuur, vb. konulardaki görüşlerine tezimizle ilgili olduğu oranda değindik. Son olarak da Bergson’un mistisizm anlayışını tespit etmeye çalıştık. Tezimizin ana konusunun daha iyi anlaşılması için bütün bunların yapılması gerekiyordu. Birinci bölümde ise Bergson’un din felsefesini inceledik. Ayrıca buna bağlı olarak din felsefesinde merkezi bir konuma sahip olan Tanrı anlayışı, kötülük problemi, ruh beden ilişkisi, özgürlük vb. gibi konularda Bergson’un kendine özgü görüşlerini tespit edip ortaya koyduk. İkinci bölümde ise Bergson’un ahlak anlayışını tespit etmekten ibarettir. Bu bölümde öncelikle Bergson’un kendinden önceki ahlak teorilerini nasıl değerlendirdiğine ve bu teorilere ne gibi eleştiriler yönelttiğine biraz değindik. Devamla Bergson’un ahlak görüşünü ele aldık ve gördük ki din konusunda olduğu gibi ahlak konusunda da ikili bir anlayışa sahiptir. Bu bölümün sonunda da Bergson’un ahlak görüşüne yapılan eleştirilere değindik. Sonuç bölümünde ise bu incelememizin sonunda vardığımız sonuçları ifade ettik ve gördük ki Bergson’un din ve ahlak felsefesi genel felsefi anlayışına uygun olarak kendine özgü orijinal bir niteliktedir.
This thesis project, which we have prepared in order to determine the religious and ethical philosophy of H. Bergson, consists of an introductory, two main and one conclusion part. We have studied the life and works of H. Bergson in the first part. Secondly, we have reviewed the ideological status of his era, and analyzed in various aspects how the philosophy of Bergson developed in such background. Thirdly, we have mentioned some of the thinkers who affected Bergson, as well as the positive and negative interactions between them. Then we have tried to outline the Bergson philosophy. In this aspect, we have referred to his opinions on subjects like time, efforts in life, intuition, consciousness, etc to an extent as would be related to our thesis project. Lastly, we have aimed to determine the understanding of mysticism of Bergson. All these had to be done in order to make the main subject of our thesis project understood in a better way. We have examined the religious philosophy of Bergson in the first part. Moreover, we have set forth the original and unique ideas of Bergson regarding subjects like understanding of God, problem of evilness, soul and body relationship, freedom, etc which have a significant position in the religious philosophy. The second part comprises determination of ethics of Bergson. We pointed out how Bergson evaluated the ethical theories prior to him specifically and what kind of criticism he made on such theories. Then we have handled his opinions on morality, and we have emphasized the criticisms made on Bergson’s opinions on morality. In the conclusion part, we have expressed the results that we have come to at the end of these reviews, and we saw that Bergson’s religious and ethical philosophy is unique and original according to his general philosophy understanding.
This thesis project, which we have prepared in order to determine the religious and ethical philosophy of H. Bergson, consists of an introductory, two main and one conclusion part. We have studied the life and works of H. Bergson in the first part. Secondly, we have reviewed the ideological status of his era, and analyzed in various aspects how the philosophy of Bergson developed in such background. Thirdly, we have mentioned some of the thinkers who affected Bergson, as well as the positive and negative interactions between them. Then we have tried to outline the Bergson philosophy. In this aspect, we have referred to his opinions on subjects like time, efforts in life, intuition, consciousness, etc to an extent as would be related to our thesis project. Lastly, we have aimed to determine the understanding of mysticism of Bergson. All these had to be done in order to make the main subject of our thesis project understood in a better way. We have examined the religious philosophy of Bergson in the first part. Moreover, we have set forth the original and unique ideas of Bergson regarding subjects like understanding of God, problem of evilness, soul and body relationship, freedom, etc which have a significant position in the religious philosophy. The second part comprises determination of ethics of Bergson. We pointed out how Bergson evaluated the ethical theories prior to him specifically and what kind of criticism he made on such theories. Then we have handled his opinions on morality, and we have emphasized the criticisms made on Bergson’s opinions on morality. In the conclusion part, we have expressed the results that we have come to at the end of these reviews, and we saw that Bergson’s religious and ethical philosophy is unique and original according to his general philosophy understanding.