Development of a Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Energy Management System to Mitigate Local Operational Challenges in Low Voltage Distribution Networks with Photovoltaics

Abstract

Electric vehicles have been rapidly growing, especially in the last 10 years, with sales rates that have nearly doubled every two years. In combination with the evolving technology, parameters such as the driving range, charging power, and battery capacity of vehicles are increasing. It is of great importance that the integration of electric vehicles into existing networks, the possible difficulties they may cause, and the services that can be provided from the vehicle to the grid (Vehicle-to-Grid V2G) can be accurately predicted through detailed analysis. This study aims to prevent local network operational problems related to voltage, which may be encountered in low voltage distribution networks, including solar panels and electric vehicles, with improved power and energy management approaches based on V2G. In a 10-house LV distribution network based on real data, the daily charging behavior of electric vehicles as well as household consumption and solar generation profiles, the effectiveness of a V2G approach that considers the busses that are most effective in solving local voltage problems is investigated. The study provided useful findings for solving local problems, with realistic scenarios and comprehensive analyzes, with the developed vehicle-to-grid power and energy management approaches in low voltage distribution networks including distributed generation from solar energy and electric vehicles.