1960-1970 döneminde Türkiye’de değişen toplumsal yapının sinemaya yansıması ve sinemada aile

Abstract

Sinema, hayatın içinden aldığı konuları yeniden kurgulamakta, farklı yaşam biçimleri yaratarak insanlara yeni dünyalar sunmaktadır. İçinde bulunduğu toplumsal yapının bir ürünü olan ve toplumsal yaşamdan beslenen sinemanın; insandan, insan sorununda, hayata ilişkin olgulardan, toplumsal olaylardan ve değişmelerden soyutlanması mümkün değildir. Görsel dilinin gücü ile kitle iletişim araçları içerisinde önemli bir yeri olan sinema, toplumu yansıtma özelliğinin yanısıra eğlendirme, eleştirme ve yönlendirme işlevlerini de görmektedir. 1960-1970 döneminde, Türkiye'de, sinemanın toplumsal yaşamda önemli bir güç olarak yer aldığı ve geniş kitleler üzerinde, özellikle de kadınların ve çocukların günlük yaşamlarında yönlendirici bir işlev gördüğü görülmektedir. 1960 ihtilali ile birlikte Türkiye'nin siyasal yapısında önemli değişimler meydana gelmekte, göç ve kentleşme hızlanmakta, sanayi gelişmekte ve bu durum toplumsal yapının da değişmesine neden olmaktadır. İşte böyle bir dönemde, sinema yine konularını toplumsal yaşamdan almakta ve Türkiye'nin yaşadığı değişimi farklı boyutlarıyla yeniden yorumlayarak beyaz perdeye aktarmaktadır. 1960-1970 dönemi, sinemanın geniş kitlelere ulaştığı ve toplumdaki yeni oluşumların yorumlanıp yansıtılmasıyla sinemada Türk toplumsal gerçekçiliğinin örneklerinin verildiği bir dönemdir. Siyasi ortamın, toplumsal ve ekonomik ortamın etkisiyle değişen aile ilişkilerini, kadının ve erkeğin değişen toplumsal konumlarını yansıtması açısından aileyi konu alan filmler Türkiye'nin yaşadığı toplumsal değişimi sergileyebilmektedir. Toplumsal değişimin paralelinde kırdaki ve kentteki kadının statüsü değişmiş ve bu durum sinemaya yansıyarak farklı kadın tiplemelerinin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Sinema ticari amaçlı filmlerinde toplumsal yapıyı, bu yapının temel birimlerinden olan aileyi, aile üyelerinin toplumsal konumlarını olumlayarak konularını aynı kültürel anlayışın sürdürülmesi yönünde oluştururken; toplumsal gerçekçi filmlerinde çeşitli toplumsal sorunları işlemekte, değer yargılarını sorgulamakta ve değişmesi gereken unsurları göstererek kitleler üzerindeki etkinliğini sürdürmektedir. Bu çalışmada, toplumda meydana gelen değişmelerin ve yeni oluşumların paralelinde Türk sinemasının genel yapısı ortaya konulmuş, sinemada toplumsal gerçekçi yönelim ve aile konusu incelenerek toplumsal değişimin ailedeki görüntüsü araştırılmıştır. Sinema, kültürel ortamda meydana gelen değişimlerden etkilenmekte ve kültürel ortama ilişkin tüm olguları yeniden yorumlayarak yansıtma ve kitleleri yönlendirme işleviyle toplum ile karşılıklı bir etkileşim süreci içinde bulunmaktadır.

SUBJECT : Beetwen 1960-1970 period in turkey; Reflections of the Social changeable development constructions to the Base on the Turkish cinema, also the other currented mutual subject in the same period; affection by reality of living life has been by Turkish community terms to the cinema that building of the Turkish family forms over the Turkish cinema movies. Cinema re-fancies the social events that it takes subjects Quite around all of them from real social incidents; have been living with community. Therefore; cinema creats new life&living forms to the society. As a matter of fact, That's why; cinema submits Human; like displays sort of Neo-imagines, new worlds, new understandings etc. Cinema is the yield of society that always lives&gets its reason of existence, source appeared of community, saying-Half: Cinema Absulately lives in society, it is in the public. Cinema also obtains the subjects contained usual current to it&its needs; one to one case directly comes on base to realities of social incidents in community, at all. Because of all those its features; That is incredible to think about the cinema that, it does not care enough and/ or for human any problems, many kind of phenomenos about life. Also it is impossible for thinking on cinema; That cinema holds isolated being stand on beyond public minds; as does not contain neighter any type of social event nor Social development, Quietly. Cinema has got a very necessary state place among the other communication forms to Turkish social heap caused by its more visional expression strength then the other ones in the communication world refers to public. However; at the same time, cinema carries as a function process to reflect the social realities, informations and alters; echod to the community case back again like in a returning circle to critic re-correctfull way. Nevertheless; cinema owned a very important task to the community as entertaining, making critics over public and leading the people towards new living styles&understandings- developments and also fashions etc. In Turkey, between 1960-1970 period, we have already observed that the cinema had taken a very necessary powerfull place up at the Turkish people senses. It was too strong Authority ruler like a teacher to the society mind & imagine case to lead the social cumulative heap and so, Turkish cinema held like a functional feature processes to base on bringing new syle-idea-fashion fully lights to the a part side of society. Especially all these forms affected to the Turkish women and children daily live terms; during all years long of the 1960-1970 period in turkey actually, at all. After rebellion, that is dated Just 1960; then rapidly There had been some existences coming in to alot variations & developments in the political construction and society of turkey. During these times, Great Anatolian people colony heaps whose were living inside parts of turkey villages, started to move from provinces towards to more western sides of turkey, especially to the major cities as İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir. Finally, all those variations & Developments were the dear reason for Turkish cinema to make change social structure and terms, understandings. In this point if we suppose that while those developments and variations were happening, cinema also had been keeping on taking subject & needs terms are needed by it certainly from reality of social life. Naturally that must be result of all these social economic politic circulations, at all then of course we would not make ourselves in wrong side with this idea. Caused by its real possitive observation and Datas by as. In this period Turkish cinema had been carrying variations that appeared in Turkish community by different dimensions of alters with the re-explanations of the cinema at its while screen vision. Between 1960-1970 period (also 1960th - 1970th included) Turkish Cinema affected & arrived so much large popularity at the social heap and, also naturally Turkish social reality patterns at the white cinema screen cited by new developments & terms & appearances re-comented on and reflected so Afficted those changes back to public. For reflecting political situation, family corrections that had been changing caused by economic social term, the men and women social rules & positions had been changing continue. Also provincial and modern city women's social carries and positions were changing on parallel to the general social development circulation. Therefore these situations affected to the cinema then different women characters appeared at Turkish cinema. During 1960-1970 period, commercial movies at the Turkish cinema affirmed social construction, Turkish family that is main unit of society and social positions of family members case to get society go on to direct continue their same cultural supposes & imagines. That is why; these films always tried to show positive sides of social structure and legends. However; social neo-realitic movies only ran on making critics over publicly behavours and recommenting on the problems of society and General social imagines also those realitic films have tried to show to public if there is anything needs to change and come out its old meanings among the events & supposes belong Turkish society. In this thesis study; sort of changes at Turkish society and new appearants by parallel to Turkish cinema General construction is tried to bring up. Social realitic tendency and family subject is studied and then seems and Echos of social changes over Turkish family is researched. Cinema is influenced by type of changes appeared in Cultural surroundings and also cinema recomments on all facts about cultural surroundings then it reflects those ones back again case circle returning through society. So, cinema is in a reciprocal interaction to social heap with its steerfull fuction to society minds.