Publication: Ebü’l-Hasan El Eş’Ari’nin kelam sistemi ve kaynakları
Abstract
EBÜ’L-HASAN EL-EŞ ‘ARÎ’NİN KELÂM SİSTEMİ VE KAYNAKLARI Ebü’l-Hasan el-Eş‘arî, Ebû Hanîfe, İbn Küllâb el-Basrî, Hâris el-Muhâsibi ve Ebû Ali el-Kerâbisî gibi âlimlerin öncülüğünü yaptığı Ehl-i sünnet kelâmının önemli temsilcilerinden biridir. O kendinden önce Ehl-i hadis tarafından savunulan îtikâdî esasları akıl ile teyit edip uzlaştırmaya çalışmış, bunu yaparken çeşitli istidlâl metotlarından yararlanmıştır. Bu metotlar arasında en önemlisi gâibin şâhide kıyâslanmasıdır. Eş‘arî, kelâm ilminin konularını “temel meseleler” (celîlü’l-kelâm) ve “ayrıntılı meseleler” (dakîkü’l-kelâm) olmak üzere iki kısıma ayırmıştır. Onun kader, sıfatlar, lütuf, hidâyet ve dalâlet gibi temel meselelerdeki görüşlerinin kaynağı Kur’an ve hadislerle birlikte Selefiyye, Ebû Hanîfe, ehl-i isbât, Küllâbiyye ve Mürcie’dir. Cevher, araz, hareket, zaman, mekân gibi ayrıntılı konularının kaynağı ise Mu‘tezile ve felsefecilerdir.
ABU AL-HASAN AL-ASH‘ARI’S KALAM SYSTEM AND HIS SOURCES Abu’l-Hasan al-Ash‘ari is one of the major representatives of the Ahl al-sunnah kalam pioneered by scholars such as Abu Hanifa, Ibn Kullab al-Basri, Harith al-Muhasibi and Abu Ali al-Kerabisi. He tried to confirm with the reason and reconcile the principles of faith advocated by Ahl al-hadith before him, as he did so benefited from a variety of methods istidlal. The most important of these methods is comparison of the gaib wiht the shahid. Ash‘ari classifies the theological issues into two parts as the science of fundamental issues (celil al-kalam) and detailed issues (dakik al-kalam). The sources of his views of the fundamental issues such as the fate, attributes, grace, guidance and diversion are Selefiyyah, Abu Hanifa, ahl al-ithbat, Kullabiyyah and Murji’ah with the Quran and the hadiths. The sources of detailed issues such as the athom, arad, movement, time and space are Mu‘tazila and the philosophers.
ABU AL-HASAN AL-ASH‘ARI’S KALAM SYSTEM AND HIS SOURCES Abu’l-Hasan al-Ash‘ari is one of the major representatives of the Ahl al-sunnah kalam pioneered by scholars such as Abu Hanifa, Ibn Kullab al-Basri, Harith al-Muhasibi and Abu Ali al-Kerabisi. He tried to confirm with the reason and reconcile the principles of faith advocated by Ahl al-hadith before him, as he did so benefited from a variety of methods istidlal. The most important of these methods is comparison of the gaib wiht the shahid. Ash‘ari classifies the theological issues into two parts as the science of fundamental issues (celil al-kalam) and detailed issues (dakik al-kalam). The sources of his views of the fundamental issues such as the fate, attributes, grace, guidance and diversion are Selefiyyah, Abu Hanifa, ahl al-ithbat, Kullabiyyah and Murji’ah with the Quran and the hadiths. The sources of detailed issues such as the athom, arad, movement, time and space are Mu‘tazila and the philosophers.
