Publication: Resimde göstergebilim, çocuk resimlerinin göstergebilimsel çözümlenmesi (İlköğretim 8. sınıf)
Abstract
Göstergebilim çeşitli işitsel, görsel, devimsel dizgilere; resim, sinema, fotoğraf gibi çeşitli sanat etkinliklerine, toplumsal ilişkileri düzenleyen kurallara, davranış biçimlerine değin uzanan geniş bir alanı kapsar. Anlam aktaran tüm oluşumlarda kendini vareder. Göstergebilim incelediği alanın kendine özgü yasalarını belirlemeyi, inceleme yöntemlerini oluşturmayı, betimleme ve açıklama işlemlerini gerçekleştirmeyi hedefler. Göstergebilimin başlıca iki öncüsü vardır: C.S. Pierce ile Ferdinand Saussure. Pierce’e göre gösterge bir kimse için herhangi bir şeyin yerini, herhangi bir sıfatla ya da herhangi bir bakımdan tutan şeydir. Gösterge gösteren ve gösterilenden oluşur. Gösterenler düzlemi anlatım, gösterilenler düzlemiyse içerik düzlemini oluşturur. Gösteren öğe maddi ve duyusaldır. Sözcük, boya, taş olabilen bu öğe duyusal gerçekliği verir. Anlamlama ise gösteren ile gösterileni birleştiren ve ürünü gösterge olan edimdir. Sanat da kendine ait bir dile ve göstergeler sistemine sahiptir. Sanat yapıtı bir maddi varlık, maddi varlığı ortaya getiren sanatçı bilinci ve yapıtı algılayan anlamlandıran bilince dayanır. Eserin kendisi duyularımıza hitap ederken maddi olmayan nesnesi kavram olarak bilincimizde yerini alır. Yapıtın gösterge niteliği farklı öğelerin birleşmesinde temellenir. Bu öğeler; 1)Duyusal olarak kavranan maddi yapıt 2)Estetik nesne 3)Gösterilen şey ile ilgi Gösterge kavramları sanat yapıtında da vardır. Resimde kullanılan araçlar, aynı dildeki sözcükler gibi göstereni oluşturur. Bu duyusal gerçekliğin yanında, yaşanmış ya da hayali bir gerçekliğin yerine konan anlam gösterilendir. Yapıt anlamını bulabilmek için özneye ihtiyaç duyar. Bir sanat eseri incelenirken göstergebilimsel niteliği göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Eser sadece biçimsel anlamda veya sadece bir ruh durumunun belirteni olarak algılanırsa eksik anlaşılmış olacaktır. Çocukların kendini ifade etme şansını yakaladığı sanat derslerinde de resimlerin anlaşılmasında ve bu yolla çocukla iletişimin kurulmasında göstergebilim başvurulması gereken önemli bir kaynaktır.
Semiology covers a huge field like visual and auditory systems and some artistic creations like art, cinema, and photography, which extends to rules that organize social relations, behaving models. It exists itself in all forms which transmits and contains meaning. Semiology aims to create research methods, its own rules with its procedure and to realize descriptions and explanations. Modern semiology has two main scientists: C.S. Pierce ile Ferdinand Saussure. According to Pierce a sign is a thing that takes place of something in whatever role for someone. A sign occurs from signifier and signified. Signifier plane composes exposition plane and signified plane composes content plane. Signifier element is material and sensorial. This element which can be a word, paint or a rock, gives a sensorial reality. The thing which makes it the opposite of signifier is mediator character that it carries. Also art has its own language and its sign system. An artistic work is based on one material object, the conscious that produce it and the conscious which is understood by. When the artwork, itself addresses to our sense, its object which is not material takes place in our conscious as a concept. The sign character of the artwork is based on the conjunction of the elements. These elements; 1)Material work which is understood as sensorial 2)Aesthetic object (meaning in common conscious) 3)The relation with the signified The artwork also has signifier and signified. All the things which we use for artwork, occur the signifier like the words in linguistic. In addition to sensorial reality the meaning which is put in place of a reality that happened or as a dream is signified. The artwork needs a subject to have its meaning. When an artwork is being observed, its semiological character shouldn’t be forgotten. This observation should be misunderstood when it is seen as only a technical composition or a soul expression. Semiology is an important source which can help in art education to understand pictures of children by the connection function. That may be useful to realize children world at art lessons that students have chance to express themselves in.
Semiology covers a huge field like visual and auditory systems and some artistic creations like art, cinema, and photography, which extends to rules that organize social relations, behaving models. It exists itself in all forms which transmits and contains meaning. Semiology aims to create research methods, its own rules with its procedure and to realize descriptions and explanations. Modern semiology has two main scientists: C.S. Pierce ile Ferdinand Saussure. According to Pierce a sign is a thing that takes place of something in whatever role for someone. A sign occurs from signifier and signified. Signifier plane composes exposition plane and signified plane composes content plane. Signifier element is material and sensorial. This element which can be a word, paint or a rock, gives a sensorial reality. The thing which makes it the opposite of signifier is mediator character that it carries. Also art has its own language and its sign system. An artistic work is based on one material object, the conscious that produce it and the conscious which is understood by. When the artwork, itself addresses to our sense, its object which is not material takes place in our conscious as a concept. The sign character of the artwork is based on the conjunction of the elements. These elements; 1)Material work which is understood as sensorial 2)Aesthetic object (meaning in common conscious) 3)The relation with the signified The artwork also has signifier and signified. All the things which we use for artwork, occur the signifier like the words in linguistic. In addition to sensorial reality the meaning which is put in place of a reality that happened or as a dream is signified. The artwork needs a subject to have its meaning. When an artwork is being observed, its semiological character shouldn’t be forgotten. This observation should be misunderstood when it is seen as only a technical composition or a soul expression. Semiology is an important source which can help in art education to understand pictures of children by the connection function. That may be useful to realize children world at art lessons that students have chance to express themselves in.