Publication: Ebû Amr Ed-dânî ve İbnü’s-serrâc’in Ki̇tâbü’n-nakt Ve’ş-şekl eserleri̇ bağlamında Kur’ân’in noktalanması ve harekelenmesi̇
Abstract
Kur’ân metni ilk yazıya geçirilmesinden itibaren çeşitli aşamalardan geçerek bugünkü haline kavuşmuştur. Metin yazısı aslı itibariyle herhangi bir değişikliğe uğramamıştır. Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’in gerek dilinin Arapça olması gerekse ilk muhataplarının Arap toplumu olması ve bu toplumda hayat süren insanların sözlü edebiyata hakimiyetinin kuvvetli ve güçlü olması sebebiyle insanlar, Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’i tilavet noktasında zorlanmamışlardır. Ancak Arap olmayan toplumların İslâm’a girmesi ve fetih hareketleri sonucu İslâm coğrafyasının ve nüfusunun genişlemesi, nesilden nesile aktarıla gelen dil kapasitesinde zayıflamaya neden olmuştur. Bu durum, dildeki hatalı kullanımları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Bunun doğal bir sonucu olarak Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’in tilaveti noktasında problemler ortaya çıkmaya başlamıştır. Hicrî ilk asırdan itibaren çözüm yolları geliştirilmeye başlanmış ve metnin okunabilirliğini kolaylaştırmak için mushaflara nokta, hareke, sembol gibi birtakım ilavelerde bulunulmuştur. Bu çabalar neticesinde kıraat ilminin temel meselelerinden olan mushaf imlasının bir alt disiplini olarak ifade edebileceğimiz en-Nakt ve’ş-şekl ilmi tevellüt etmiş, bu disiplinle alakalı risaleler ve hacimli eserler telif edilmiştir. Bu çalışmamızda, İbnü’s-Serrâc ve Ebû Amr Dânî’nin telif etmiş oldukları ve bu sahada kaleme alınmış orijinal eserlerden olan Kitâbü’n-nakt ve’ş-şekl eserleri bağlamında Kur’ân’ın noktalanmasını ve harekelenmesini inceleyeceğiz.
The Qur’ãn text has reached its present form by passing through various stages since it was first written down. The original form of the text has not undergone any changes. Since the language of the Quran was Arabic and its first addressees were the Arab society, and people in this society had a strong command of oral literature, people have not struggled in the recitation of the Qur’ãn. However, expansion of the Islamic geography and population as a result of the conversion of non-Arab communities to Islam and the movements of conquest caused a weakening in the language transmitted from one generation to another. This situation led to incorrect usage of the language. As a natural consequence of it, some problems regarding the Qur’ãn recitation has begun to arise. From the first century of Hijri, some solutions have been developed and to enhance the readability of the text, some additions such as dots, harakats and symbols were added to the moshafs. As a result of these efforts, the science of naqt vash-shakl (dotting and harakat), that can be considered as a sub-discipline of moshaf orthography which is one of the main issues of the science of recitation, emerged and various epistles and works related to aforementioned discipline has been begun to compile. In this study, we will examine the issue of the dotting and harakat of the Qur’ãn letters, in the context of Kitabun Naqt wash-shakl, one of the original works written in this field, composed by Ibn as-Sarrac and Abu Amr ad-Dani.
The Qur’ãn text has reached its present form by passing through various stages since it was first written down. The original form of the text has not undergone any changes. Since the language of the Quran was Arabic and its first addressees were the Arab society, and people in this society had a strong command of oral literature, people have not struggled in the recitation of the Qur’ãn. However, expansion of the Islamic geography and population as a result of the conversion of non-Arab communities to Islam and the movements of conquest caused a weakening in the language transmitted from one generation to another. This situation led to incorrect usage of the language. As a natural consequence of it, some problems regarding the Qur’ãn recitation has begun to arise. From the first century of Hijri, some solutions have been developed and to enhance the readability of the text, some additions such as dots, harakats and symbols were added to the moshafs. As a result of these efforts, the science of naqt vash-shakl (dotting and harakat), that can be considered as a sub-discipline of moshaf orthography which is one of the main issues of the science of recitation, emerged and various epistles and works related to aforementioned discipline has been begun to compile. In this study, we will examine the issue of the dotting and harakat of the Qur’ãn letters, in the context of Kitabun Naqt wash-shakl, one of the original works written in this field, composed by Ibn as-Sarrac and Abu Amr ad-Dani.
