Publication: Çeşitli fiksatiflerin sitolojik materyalin kalitesi üzerine etkisi
Abstract
Sitolojik materyallerde kullanılan fiksatifin amacı; sitomorfolojik özelliklerin karakteristiğini korumaktır. Sitolojik örneklerin fiksasyonu kritik öneme sahiptir. İdeal fiksatif; hücresel ve nükleer morfolojiyi korur. Vücut ortamından çıkarılan materyal içinde bulunduğu ortama göre sitomorfolojik değişimlere uğramaktadır. Bu nedenle sitomorfolojide kayıplar olmakta ve fikse olmayan materyaller tanısal değerini yitirmektedir. Bu özellikleriyle fiksatif, hastalıkların tanısında anahtar görevindedir. Amacımız, epitelyal tümörlerden yapılan ince iğne aspirasyon biyopsileri, malign veya malign olmayan abrasiv ve eksfoliyatif sitoloji materyallerinde farklı fiksasyon yöntemlerini kullanarak hücrelerin şekil ve sayı korunumunu, boyanma özelliklerini ve morfolojik değerlendirme açısından uygunluğunu değerlendirerek, sitolojik tanıya ulaşmada en uygun fiksasyon yöntemlerini belirleyebilmektir. Çalışmada fiksatifsiz olarak gelen rezeksiyon materyallerinden yapılan ince iğne aspirasyon sitolojisi (İ.İ.A.) materyalinden 30, vücut sıvılarından 25, bukkal sitolojiden 30 ve abraziv sitolojiden 21 adet olmak üzere toplam 106 vakada 21 farklı fiksatif olan %95’lik ve %100’lük etil alkol, %100’lük metil alkol, aseton, propanol ve denatüre alkol, aseton/ metanol karışımları, Bacato polivalent, alkolik formalin I ve II, formol, Delaunay solüsyonu, Gluteraldehit, havada kuruma SF rehidrate %95’lik alkol ve alkolik formalin, Carnoy, sprey (Fix-Rite 2) , havada kuruma ve Shondon Cytospin solüsyonuyla fikse edilmiştir. Tüm sitoloji örnekleri Papanicolaou (Pap) boyama yöntemiyle boyanarak morfolojik değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda; hücre sayısının korunumu, hücresel yoğunluk, tabakaların eşit oranda fikse olması, artefakt olmaması, sitoplazmik sınırların seçilebilmesi, kromatin yapısının seçilebilmesi, nükleer vakuol olmaması, nükleol yapısının seçilebilmesi ve boyanma özelliklerinin iyi olması gibi önemli sitomorfolojik özellikler dikkate alındığında en iyi fiksatif olarak %100’lük ve %95’lik etil alkol ve sprey (Fix-Rite 2) fiksatif olduğu bulunmuştur. Carnoy, Gluteraldehit, aseton ve havada kuruma fiksasyonlarının sitomorfolojiyi korumadığı izlenmiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Fiksasyon, fiksatif, sitomorfoloji
Effect of Various Fixatives on the Quality of Cytologic Material The purpose of cytologic fixation is to maintain cytomorphologic characteristics. The fixation of cytologic material is very important.. Ideal fixative preserves cellular and nuclear morphology. When taken out of the body, cells undergo various cytomorphologic alterations depending on the type of environment they are kept in As a result of this, cytomorphologic characteristics and the diagnostic value of the unfixed material may be totally lost. By protecting cellular morphology, the fixatives have a critical importance in the cytologic diagnosis of disease. The aim of our study was to determine the ideal fixatives for cytologic evaluation. We used different cytologic fixation methods in fine needle aspirates from epiteial tumors,and malignant or benign abrasive - exfoliative cytology material. We evaluated the effect of different fixation methods on the conservation of the number and form of cells, and on the staining characteristic and morphologic features. The study material was composed of 30 cases of fine needle aspiration cytology material obtained from unfixed tumors, 25 body fluid samples, 21 samples of abrasive cytology and 30 samples of buccal cytology, making a total of 106 cases. Twenty one different fixation methods including 95% and 100% ethanol, 100% methanol, aceton, propanol, denatured alcohol, aceton/ methanol mixtures, Bacato polyvalent fixative, alcoholic formalin I ve II, formaldehyde, Delaunay solution, Glutaraldehyde, air drying with normal saline rehydration followed by 95% alcohol and alcoholic formalin fixation, Carnoy, spray fixative (Fix Rite 2), air drying and Shandon Cytospin solution were utilized. All slides were stained with Papanicolaou stain and evaluated morphologically. The evaluated criteria were cellularity, uniformity of cellular distribution, homogenous fixation of cellular groups, the presence of artifacts, the visibility of cytoplasmic borders, chromatinic, and nucleolar structure, the extent of cytoplasmic distortion, and nuclear vacuolization, and the quality of staining characteristic. The best fixatives preserving cytomorphologic characteristics are 100% and 95% ethanol, and spray fixation. The worst fixation methods are Carnoy, Glutaraldehyde, aceton solutions and air drying. Key Words: Fixation, fixative, cytomorphology
Effect of Various Fixatives on the Quality of Cytologic Material The purpose of cytologic fixation is to maintain cytomorphologic characteristics. The fixation of cytologic material is very important.. Ideal fixative preserves cellular and nuclear morphology. When taken out of the body, cells undergo various cytomorphologic alterations depending on the type of environment they are kept in As a result of this, cytomorphologic characteristics and the diagnostic value of the unfixed material may be totally lost. By protecting cellular morphology, the fixatives have a critical importance in the cytologic diagnosis of disease. The aim of our study was to determine the ideal fixatives for cytologic evaluation. We used different cytologic fixation methods in fine needle aspirates from epiteial tumors,and malignant or benign abrasive - exfoliative cytology material. We evaluated the effect of different fixation methods on the conservation of the number and form of cells, and on the staining characteristic and morphologic features. The study material was composed of 30 cases of fine needle aspiration cytology material obtained from unfixed tumors, 25 body fluid samples, 21 samples of abrasive cytology and 30 samples of buccal cytology, making a total of 106 cases. Twenty one different fixation methods including 95% and 100% ethanol, 100% methanol, aceton, propanol, denatured alcohol, aceton/ methanol mixtures, Bacato polyvalent fixative, alcoholic formalin I ve II, formaldehyde, Delaunay solution, Glutaraldehyde, air drying with normal saline rehydration followed by 95% alcohol and alcoholic formalin fixation, Carnoy, spray fixative (Fix Rite 2), air drying and Shandon Cytospin solution were utilized. All slides were stained with Papanicolaou stain and evaluated morphologically. The evaluated criteria were cellularity, uniformity of cellular distribution, homogenous fixation of cellular groups, the presence of artifacts, the visibility of cytoplasmic borders, chromatinic, and nucleolar structure, the extent of cytoplasmic distortion, and nuclear vacuolization, and the quality of staining characteristic. The best fixatives preserving cytomorphologic characteristics are 100% and 95% ethanol, and spray fixation. The worst fixation methods are Carnoy, Glutaraldehyde, aceton solutions and air drying. Key Words: Fixation, fixative, cytomorphology