Publication: Beşiktaş İlçesi (İstanbul) kentsel ekolojisi
Abstract
Beşiktaş İlçesi (İstanbul) Kentsel Ekolojisi İçinde bulunduğumuz yüzyılın en önemli karakteristiklerinden biri de, modern endüstrileşme ile toplum yaşamında büyük gelişmeler olmasıdır. Tekniğin ilerlemesi ve buna bağlı olarak yaşam düzeyinin yükselmesi, ihtiyaçların karşılanması gibi gerekçelerle insan eylemlerinin doğa üzerindeki etkilerinin gittikçe şiddetlenmesi sonucu doğmuştur. Bunun sonucunda, çoğu zaman ilkel teknolojinin kullanıldığı sanayi tesislerini de içinde barındıran alt yapısı yetersiz, imar planları düzensiz çarpık kentleşme olgusu çevre sorunları deyimi altında güncelleşen zararlı sonuçları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Kentlerin bu durumu ile beraber, sosyo-ekonomik yapısını ve insanın bu konulara yaklaşımlarını inceleyen kentsel ekoloji bilim dalı, ekolojinin bir alt birimi olarak ortaya çıkmış ve gittikçe önem kazanmıştır. Günümüzde dünya nüfusunun yarısı kentlerde yaşamaktadır. Böylece çevre sorunlarının büyük bir kısmı kentlere taşınmaktadır. Bununla birlikte kentlerde, doğal hayat ortamlarının korunması ve sürdürülmesi, kentliye yaşanabilir olmasının yanında dinlenip zevk alabileceği bir ortam oluşturulması, ancak kentsel ekolojinin ilkelerinin planlamaya girmesiyle mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada İstanbul' un çok hareketli ve yüksek derecede kentleşmenin sürdürüldüğü Beşiktaş İlçesi'nde, plansız şehirleşme ve sanayileşmenin sonuçları ile sorunlara karşı tedbirler araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca Beşiktaş İlçesi dahilinde bulunan kentsel habitat çeşitlilikleri belirlenmiş, bu habitatlarda yaşayan yerli ve yabancı bitki türlerinin bir envanteri çıkarılmıştır. İlçenin bitki tür envanteri çıkarılırken, öncelikle vejetasyon mevsiminde ilçede bulunan bütün park ve bahçe gibi yeşil alanlar gezilerek bitki örnekleri toplanmış, toplanan örnekler herbaryum yöntemine göre kurutulmuş ve tayin edilmiştir. Literatürdeki ekoloji ve ekosistem tanımları, kent ve kent ekolojisi tanım ve kapsamları, kentsel planlama, tanımları açıklanmıştır. İlçe ile ilgili olarak ayrıca, ilçeye ait ekolojik yapı, bölgenin iklimi, ekonomik yapısı, tarihsel gelişimi, nüfus, turizm, sanayi potansiyeli, çevre sorunları vb. konular araştırılarak verileri ortaya konmuştur. Mevcut ve gelecekteki nüfus için çevreye duyarlı planlamalar yapılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmamızda toplam 425 bitki türü saptanmıştır. Bunların 274' ü doğal, 151' u egzotik (yabancı) bitkilerden oluşmaktadır. En çok yerli bitki türü bulunan familya Asteraceae, en çok egzotik bitki türü bulunan familya ise Rosaceae’dir. Ayrıca toplanan bitkilerin fitocoğrafik orjinlere göre dağılımı da saptanmıştır. ktaş, Kentsel Ekoloji, Kentsel Habitatlar, Biyotop Tipleri, Ekolojik Planlama.
Urban Ecology of Beşiktaş District (İstanbul) One of the most important characteristics of our century is that the great developments in modern industry and social life. The reason for increasing effect of people's actions on nature and development of techniques, increasing life quality and supplying human demands. As a result, it causes harmful effects called as ''environmental problems'', due to generally primitive technology based industrial utilities improver development plans and urban sprawl. Cities with the situation, examining the socio-economic structure of urban ecology and human science approaches to these issues, ecology, and emerged as a sub-unit has gained increasing importance. Half of the world population inhabits in cities today. Thus, most of environmental problems emerge in cities. But along with that, to preserve natural environment in cities, and to make the towns habitable for town-dwellers, can only be possible by imposing the principles of urban ecology. At this study, the results of unplanned urbanization and industrialization and precautions against them one studied for Beşiktaş Province which is one of the most vivacious and highly urbanized district of İstanbul. Also, habitat types in Beşiktaş district was identified, and inventory of native and alien plant taxa of the district were found out. While the inventory was taken, primarily, plants samples from parks, gardens and other green fields were collected in vegetation season, after that these samples were dried accordring to herbarium methods. Description of ecology and ecosystem in literature, description and contends of urban and urban ecology and urban planning were explained. Ecological structure, regional climate, economical status, historical background, population, touristic and industrial potential and environmental problems of the district were investigated as well. Especially projects along the coastline and gained green fields and public recreation areas had a important contribution. Totally 425 plant species were defined at this study. 274 of them are native and 151 of them are exotics (alien). Most of the native species belong to Asteraceae and most of the exotic species belong to Rosaceae families. Also, distribution of plants according to their phytogeographical origins was fixed. ktaş, Urban Ecology, Urban Habitats, Biotope Types, Ecological Planning.
Urban Ecology of Beşiktaş District (İstanbul) One of the most important characteristics of our century is that the great developments in modern industry and social life. The reason for increasing effect of people's actions on nature and development of techniques, increasing life quality and supplying human demands. As a result, it causes harmful effects called as ''environmental problems'', due to generally primitive technology based industrial utilities improver development plans and urban sprawl. Cities with the situation, examining the socio-economic structure of urban ecology and human science approaches to these issues, ecology, and emerged as a sub-unit has gained increasing importance. Half of the world population inhabits in cities today. Thus, most of environmental problems emerge in cities. But along with that, to preserve natural environment in cities, and to make the towns habitable for town-dwellers, can only be possible by imposing the principles of urban ecology. At this study, the results of unplanned urbanization and industrialization and precautions against them one studied for Beşiktaş Province which is one of the most vivacious and highly urbanized district of İstanbul. Also, habitat types in Beşiktaş district was identified, and inventory of native and alien plant taxa of the district were found out. While the inventory was taken, primarily, plants samples from parks, gardens and other green fields were collected in vegetation season, after that these samples were dried accordring to herbarium methods. Description of ecology and ecosystem in literature, description and contends of urban and urban ecology and urban planning were explained. Ecological structure, regional climate, economical status, historical background, population, touristic and industrial potential and environmental problems of the district were investigated as well. Especially projects along the coastline and gained green fields and public recreation areas had a important contribution. Totally 425 plant species were defined at this study. 274 of them are native and 151 of them are exotics (alien). Most of the native species belong to Asteraceae and most of the exotic species belong to Rosaceae families. Also, distribution of plants according to their phytogeographical origins was fixed. ktaş, Urban Ecology, Urban Habitats, Biotope Types, Ecological Planning.