Publication: Mushaf imlası bağlamında Kirmani ve Hattu’l-Mesahif adlı eseri
Abstract
Hz. Osman döneminde iki kapak arasına alınıp çoğaltılması hasebiyle Mesâhif-i Osmaniyye -Osman Mushafları- olarak anılan ilk mushafların imlâ yapısı, sonraki dönem mushaf yazımları açısından belirleyici olmuş ve yeni yazılacak mushafların imlâsının bu doğrultuda olması yönünde teorik bir kabul oluşmuştur. Böyle olduğu içindir ki erken dönemlerden itibaren Osman Mushafları’nın imlâ özelliklerini (Resm-i Osmânî) ele alan eserler kaleme alınmış ve bu çerçevede gerek Doğu’da gerekse Batı’da kayda değer bir literatür oluşmuştur. Hal böyle iken bu literatürün, özellikle de Doğu’nun imlâ birikimini aktaran eserlerin belli bir bölümü günümüze ulaşma imkânı bulamamıştır. Bu durum mushaf imlâsı edebiyatında Endülüs ulemasına ait eserlerin öne çıkmasına ve Doğu’nun imlâ birikiminin geri planda kalmasına yol açmış; dahası mushaf imlâsına ilişkin bilginin alanı, Dânî ve İbn Necâh gibi Endülüslü âlimlerin eserleri ile sınırlandırılır olmuştur. Bu bağlamda doğulu âlimlerin eserlerini ve bu eserlerin takdim ettiği imlâ birikimini gözler önüne seren çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Kirmânî’nin Hattu’l-Mesâhif isimli eserini merkeze alan bu çalışmaya vücut veren de işte bu ihtiyaçtır. Çalışmada bir taraftan Kirmânî üzerinden Doğu’nun mushaf imlâsı müktesebatı aktarılırken diğer taraftan bu muhtevanın, Endülüs ulemasının temsil ettiği Batı’nın birikimiyle karşılaştırılması yoluna gidilmiş, iki ekolün örtüştüğü ve ayrıştığı noktaların tespitine çalışılmıştır. Bu yönüyle çalışma, Resm-i Osmânî olarak isimlendirilen imlâ özelliklerinin belirlenmesinde doğulu birikimin ortaya konmasını olduğu gibi, Endülüslü âlimlerin eserlerindeki bilgilerle örtüşmediği için mushaf imlâsına aykırı addedilen imlâ uygulamalarının kökenlerini keşfetmeyi de hedeflemektedir.
The orthografıc structure of the early copies of Qur’an -mushafs- known as the mushafs by Uthman -Mesahif-i Osmaniyye- had a significantly defining role in determining the writing style and structure of the latter mushafs and established an anonymously agreed upon theoretical criteria in that regard. As a result, beginning from early times, scholarly works on the orthograpic characteriscs of mushafs -Resm-i Uthmani- have been produced which led to the establishment of a considerable amount of literature both in the East and the West. However, most literature from the earlier era and in particular the body of knowledge from the East have failed to be transferred to our times. This situation led to the works of Andalusian scholars to be in the spotlight while the body of knowledge that developed in the East in the field of mushaf orthography to be in the shadow. In addition, the sphere of knowledge of mushaf orthography has been limited to Andalusian scholars such as the works of Dani and Ibn Najah. In this context, more research is needed to reveal the works of Eastern scholars in the aforementioned fields. It is this need that compels this study to focus on the work called Khattu’l-Masāhif by Kirmānī. The study follows the methodolgy of exposing the accumulated body of knowledge in the field of mushaf orthography that developed in the East while at the same time comparing this content with the accumulation of knowledge in the West represented by the Andalusian scholars. This comparison is presented by analyzing and pointing out the areas where the two schools -the East and the West- overlap and differ. On the one hand, it aims to determine the orthograpic characteriscs of mushafs commonly referred to as Resm-i Uthmani within the accumulated body of knowledge that developed in the East. On the other hand, it targets to reveal the roots of mushaf orthography applications that are rejected because they seem to contradict the teachings in the works of the Andalusian scholars.
The orthografıc structure of the early copies of Qur’an -mushafs- known as the mushafs by Uthman -Mesahif-i Osmaniyye- had a significantly defining role in determining the writing style and structure of the latter mushafs and established an anonymously agreed upon theoretical criteria in that regard. As a result, beginning from early times, scholarly works on the orthograpic characteriscs of mushafs -Resm-i Uthmani- have been produced which led to the establishment of a considerable amount of literature both in the East and the West. However, most literature from the earlier era and in particular the body of knowledge from the East have failed to be transferred to our times. This situation led to the works of Andalusian scholars to be in the spotlight while the body of knowledge that developed in the East in the field of mushaf orthography to be in the shadow. In addition, the sphere of knowledge of mushaf orthography has been limited to Andalusian scholars such as the works of Dani and Ibn Najah. In this context, more research is needed to reveal the works of Eastern scholars in the aforementioned fields. It is this need that compels this study to focus on the work called Khattu’l-Masāhif by Kirmānī. The study follows the methodolgy of exposing the accumulated body of knowledge in the field of mushaf orthography that developed in the East while at the same time comparing this content with the accumulation of knowledge in the West represented by the Andalusian scholars. This comparison is presented by analyzing and pointing out the areas where the two schools -the East and the West- overlap and differ. On the one hand, it aims to determine the orthograpic characteriscs of mushafs commonly referred to as Resm-i Uthmani within the accumulated body of knowledge that developed in the East. On the other hand, it targets to reveal the roots of mushaf orthography applications that are rejected because they seem to contradict the teachings in the works of the Andalusian scholars.