Publication: Zayıf hadis rivayeti
Abstract
MARMARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ İLAHİYAT HADİS BİLİM DALI ZAYIF HADİS RİVAYETİ (Esra Şahyar ÖZET Zayıf hadis rivayeti hadisçilerin ilk dönemlerden itibaren bilinçli olarak geliştirdikleri bir uygulamadır. Onlar diğer hadislerle birlikte zayıf hadisleri de hadis ilminin gelişimine yardımcı birer veri olarak kabul etmişler, zayıf hadislerden bu anlamda istifade edebilmek için zayıf hadis rivayeti etrafında bir usûl geliştirmişlerdir. Zira zayıf hadisler, başarılı bir hadis münekkidi olmak için gerekli teknik donanımın önemli bir parçasını oluşturmaktadır. Hadisçilerin ilk dönemlerde bilinçli olarak gerçekleştirdikleri zayıf hadis rivayeti ancak uzmanları tarafından ve usûlüne uygun olarak yürütüldüğü sürece hadis ilmine katkı sağlamış akademik bir uygulamadır. Zayıf hadis rivayet usûlü, zayıf hadis rivayetinin sebepleri, amaçları, şartları ve çeşitlerine göre hükümleri olmak üzere dört ana başlıktan meydana gelmektedir. Zayıf hadis rivayetine sevk eden kabulleri ihtiva eden zayıf hadis rivayetinin sebepleri şu başlıklardan oluşmaktadır: Zayıf hadisin peygambere ait olma ihtimali, zayıf hadisin reyden üstün görülmesi, ilim ehlinin zayıf hadisin içeriği ile istidlalde bulunması ve amel etmesi, hadisçilerin âlî isnad zikretme talebi, hata ve günaha düşmemek için en güvenli çözümü bulmak anlamında ihtiyatlı davranma, zayıf hadislerde yer alan ziyadeler, tasnif faaliyetinin bir ürünü olarak zayıf hadis rivayet etmek. Sahih ve makbul rivayetin tespiti için zayıf hadislerin rivayeti anlamında zayıf hadis rivayetinin amaçları ise şu başlıklardan meydana gelmektedir: Tariklerin bir araya getirilmesi, i'tibar ve mütâbaat, zayıflığı tanımak ve açıklamak, cerh tâdil değerlendirmesi yapmak, sahih tariki sağlamlaştırmak ve muhafaza etmek. Zayıf hadis rivayetinin şartları ise, zayıflığın açıklanması, temriz sigası kullanılması, hadisin ahkâm konuları dışında olması, sahih tarik bulunmamasıdır. Zayıf ravilerden hadis rivayetinin de bir takım şartları bulunmaktadır. MARMARA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES FACULTY OF THEOLOGY - SCIENCE OF HADITH NARRATİON OF WEAK HADITH (Thesis of doctorate) Ayşe Esra Şahyar
Narration of weak hadith is a subject which has been dealt on purpose by the hadith scholars since the begining of early stages. They considered weak hadiths contributive for the science of hadith along with sound (sahih) hadiths and structured a procedure involving the report of weak hadiths to make use of them. Furthermore weak hadiths are the part of very significant necessary technical equipement to be a successful hadith critic. The narration of weak hadith, which has been improved on purpose by the hadith scholars since the early stages, contributes the science of hadith if they are evaluated by the scholars according to its procedure. The procedure of the narration of weak hadith consists of four parts: the reasons, objectives, conditions and types of weak hadiths. The reasons for weak hadith report which involves the facts that lead weak hadith report are of these subtitles: Possibility of the fact that weak hadith might belong to the prophet, estimating the weak hadith better than opinion (rey), drawing a conclusion from the content of weak hadith by the scholars and acting according to it, request of hadith scholars to declare ali isnad, acting prudentyl in order not to make mistake and sin, additions in weak hadiths, reporting a weak hadith as a result of classification. To determine sound and widely accepted reports, the objectives of reporting weak hadith consist of these subtitles: Pooling the tariks , esteem (i'tibar) and mütabaat, recognizing and explaining the weakness, evaluation of cerh tadil, stabilize and maintain sound tariks. Explaining the weakness, using temriz siga, hadith out of the subjects of judgment (ahkam), unavailable sound link (sahih tarik) are the conditions of weak hadith report. Reporting hadith from the weak reporters has some conditions as well.
Narration of weak hadith is a subject which has been dealt on purpose by the hadith scholars since the begining of early stages. They considered weak hadiths contributive for the science of hadith along with sound (sahih) hadiths and structured a procedure involving the report of weak hadiths to make use of them. Furthermore weak hadiths are the part of very significant necessary technical equipement to be a successful hadith critic. The narration of weak hadith, which has been improved on purpose by the hadith scholars since the early stages, contributes the science of hadith if they are evaluated by the scholars according to its procedure. The procedure of the narration of weak hadith consists of four parts: the reasons, objectives, conditions and types of weak hadiths. The reasons for weak hadith report which involves the facts that lead weak hadith report are of these subtitles: Possibility of the fact that weak hadith might belong to the prophet, estimating the weak hadith better than opinion (rey), drawing a conclusion from the content of weak hadith by the scholars and acting according to it, request of hadith scholars to declare ali isnad, acting prudentyl in order not to make mistake and sin, additions in weak hadiths, reporting a weak hadith as a result of classification. To determine sound and widely accepted reports, the objectives of reporting weak hadith consist of these subtitles: Pooling the tariks , esteem (i'tibar) and mütabaat, recognizing and explaining the weakness, evaluation of cerh tadil, stabilize and maintain sound tariks. Explaining the weakness, using temriz siga, hadith out of the subjects of judgment (ahkam), unavailable sound link (sahih tarik) are the conditions of weak hadith report. Reporting hadith from the weak reporters has some conditions as well.