Publication: Edinilmiş mallara katılma rejiminde katılma alacağının hakim kararıyla kaldırılması veya azaltılması (Tmk m.236/ 2)
Abstract
Evlilik birliğinin sona ermesi halinde eşlerin aralarındaki mal rejimi tasfiye edilir. Eşler, edinilmiş mallara katılma rejiminin dışında bir mal rejimi seçmemişlerse, tasfiye, yasal mal rejimi olan edinilmiş mallara katılma rejimine göre yapılacaktır. Kural olarak, her eş evlilik birliğinin hangi nedenle sona erdiğine bakılmaksızın, tasfiye sonucunda ortaya çıkan artık değerde yarı oranında pay hakkına sahiptir. Ancak, TMK m.236/ 2 hükmü ile eşlerin zina veya hayata kast nedenine dayalı olarak boşanmaları halinde, kusurlu eşin artık değere katılım oranının hakim tarafından hakkaniyet gereği azaltılabileceği ya da kaldırılabileceği düzenlenmiştir. Kanunda yalnızca bir fıkra olarak düzenlenmiş bu hüküm, edinilmiş mallara katılma rejiminin kusurdan bağımsız bir rejim olmasının istisnası olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Kanun koyucunun hükmün uygulanmasına yönelik aramış olduğu şartlar, doktrindeki görüşler ve yargı kararları ile ele alınmıştır. Artık değere azaltma kararının niteliği, artık değere azaltma kararında etkili olan somut olayın özellikleri açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.İstisna niteliğindeki hüküm, pek çok sorunu beraberinde getirdiğinden, hükmün uygulamasına yönelik açıklamalar ile sorunlar giderilmeye çalışılmıştır.
In the event of the dissolution of the marriage union, the property regime between the spouses shall be liquidated. If the spouses have not chosen a property regime other than the regime of participation in acquired property, the liquidation shall be made according to the regime of participation in acquired property, which is the legal property regime. As a rule, each spouse is entitled to a half share in the residual value arising from the liquidation, regardless of the reason for the dissolution of the marriage. However, Article 236/ 2 of the TCC stipulates that if the spouses divorce on the grounds of adultery or intent to commit adultery or intent to commit adultery, the judge may reduce or abolish the share of the defective spouse in the residual value by the judge as a matter of equity. This provision, which is regulated as only one paragraph in the Law, is considered as an exception to the regime of participation in acquired property being a regime independent of fault. The conditions sought by the legislator for the application of the provision are discussed in the doctrinal opinions and judicial decisions. The nature of the decision to reduce the residual value, the characteristics of the concrete case that are effective in the decision to reduce the residual value have been tried to be explained. Since the provision, which is an exception, brings many problems, the problems have been tried to be eliminated with explanations regarding the application of the provision.
In the event of the dissolution of the marriage union, the property regime between the spouses shall be liquidated. If the spouses have not chosen a property regime other than the regime of participation in acquired property, the liquidation shall be made according to the regime of participation in acquired property, which is the legal property regime. As a rule, each spouse is entitled to a half share in the residual value arising from the liquidation, regardless of the reason for the dissolution of the marriage. However, Article 236/ 2 of the TCC stipulates that if the spouses divorce on the grounds of adultery or intent to commit adultery or intent to commit adultery, the judge may reduce or abolish the share of the defective spouse in the residual value by the judge as a matter of equity. This provision, which is regulated as only one paragraph in the Law, is considered as an exception to the regime of participation in acquired property being a regime independent of fault. The conditions sought by the legislator for the application of the provision are discussed in the doctrinal opinions and judicial decisions. The nature of the decision to reduce the residual value, the characteristics of the concrete case that are effective in the decision to reduce the residual value have been tried to be explained. Since the provision, which is an exception, brings many problems, the problems have been tried to be eliminated with explanations regarding the application of the provision.
Description
Keywords
Aile hukuku, Community property, Domestic relations, Duty of loyalty Marriage union, Edinilmiş mallara katılma rejimi, Evlilik birliği, Evlilikte mal rejimi, Katılma alacağı Regime of participating to acquired property, Mal birliği esası, Marital property, Participation claim, Sadakat yükümlülüğü, Turkey, Turkish civil law, Türk medeni hukuku, Türkiye, Zina = Adultery
